Trichinellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella, is still a public health concern in the Arctic. The aims of this study were to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-Trichinella IgG in aboriginal peoples of two settlements in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Russian Federation) on the Arctic coast of the Bering Sea, and to evaluate the survival of Trichinella nativa larvae in local fermented and frozen meat products. A seroprevalence of 24.3% was detected in 259 people tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The highest prevalence was detected among people who consumed traditional local foods made from the meat of marine mammals. Trichinella nativa larvae were found to survive for up to 24 months in a fermented and frozen marine mammal meat product called kopalkhen. Since the T. nativa life cycle can be completed in the absence of humans, it can be expected to persist in the environment and therefore remain a cause of morbidity in the human populations living in Arctic regions.
The purpose of the research is the determination of resistance to low temperatures of invasioned nonencapsulated Trichinella spiralis and T. nativа Trichinella larvae in muscular tissue of animals as well as detection of opportunity to develop or keeping these larvae in muscular tissue under different positive temperature conditions. Materials and methods. The material for study and comparison were samples of muscular tissue of white rats experimentally infected by T. spiralis and T. nativа. In total 20 outbred white rats with body weight of 100-150 g were infected in a dose of 10 l/g. Animals were slaughtered in 15th, 16th, 17th, 24th and 30th day after infection. For comparative diagnostics and confidence of experiments only forced meat from hind legs of rats with body weight of 50 g per 1 l of simulated gastric fluid have been taken for peptolysis. The quantity of separated larvae and their morphology have been taking into account during microscopic examination after completion of operation period. Microscope ZEISS Primo Star. was used for microphotographing. Photomicrography of Trichinella separated after digestion on early terms (16-24 days) were made for detailing changes in the morphology of the evaluative larvae. Results and discussion. It hasbeen established that Trichinella larvae of this spice at theageof 17-18 days are nonsustained to low-temperature exploration and died within 24 hours at a temperature -7°С. Infective larvae nonencapsulated or with ill-defined capsule at the age of 24 and 30 days are nonsustained to low-temperature exploration and mainly died at -7-15°С within 24 hours. Nonencapsulated T. spiralis и T. nativа larvae aged 15, 16, and 17 days at positive temperature do not go on morphologically in muscular tissue of murdered animal but they can keep viability, and probably invasiveness in the process of decomposition during some period of time needed to rotation of host and as a result they can be the source of invasion.
Trichinellosis is the most dangerous zoonosis of badger. Contamination of Meles meles and Meles leucurus an T. spiralis of Kirov area is investigated. It has been studied badger meat naturally infeсted with T. spiralis of the Кirov region. Trichinella larvae were found in all investigated slides of diafragm. Meles as a source of infection play the leading role in the synantropic infection. Meth-ods of trichinelloscopy can be used for postmortal-diagnostics of trichinellosis is aimed at detection of sources of infection and prevention of helminth zoonosis in human.
The purpose of the research is analyzing ways and factors of trichinellosis causative agent Trichinella pseudospiralis transmitted in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The main trichinellosis monitoring stages, methods of veterinary and sanitary examination for trichinellosis, and parameters for neutralization of the pathogen are given. Results and discussion. The most likely circulation patterns of trichinellosis pathogen T. pseudospiralis in natural and synanthropic biocenoses, and the key links that ensure the activity of infection foci are presented.
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