Objective: The purpose of our research was to evaluate the effect of mechanochemical technology on the efficacy of supramolecular complex of fenbendazole (SMCF) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer against some helminthosis of animals. Materials and methods: The SMCF samples with PVP were synthesized using a solid-state mechanochemical technology in activators of impact-abrading type and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The efficacy of SMCF was studied on the laboratory model of Hymenolepis nana and Trichinella spiralis infection of mice and helminthosis of sheep. Results: In the trials conducted on laboratory models, the supramolecular complex showed 93.94% and 98.56 % efficacy at the dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight (b/w), while the substance of fenbendazole showed 7.97% and 8.33% efficacy at the same dose. A high efficacy (>94%) of the SMCF was revealed at the dose of 2.0 mg/kg of b/w at oral administration against nematodes in naturally infected sheep by the results of the fecal examination, while the substance of fenbendazole was active at the dose of 5.0 mg/kg at single oral administration. Moreover, the SMCF demonstrated 97.37% efficacy at the dose of 2 mg/kg against Moniezia spp. infection of sheep. Physicochemical studies confirmed the increase in solubility of the complex, reducing of particle sizes, amorphization of fenbendazole substance, and incorporating it with micelles of PVP. Conclusion: According to the results, supramolecular complex of fenbendazole with PVP was more active than the basic substance of fenbendazole and its anthelmintic properties were expanded.

No abstract

SummaryThe parasitic nematodes of genus Trichinella are infective to a wide range of hosts, including humans, and have global distribution from tropic to arctic areas. Muscle samples from animals, collected in two areas of the Russian Federation, Chukotka Peninsula and Arkhangelsk Oblast, were tested for the presence of Trichinella spp. larvae. Trichinella spp. larvae were recovered from tissues of eleven wild and domestic animals: 1 polar bear, 1 wolverine, 3 arctic foxes, 1 ringed seal, 1 brown bear, 1 cat, 1 sled dog, 1 domestic pig and 1 northern sea lion. Two molecular methods, multiplex PCR and inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (ISSR PCR), were utilized for species identifi cation. T. nativa was identifi ed in the majority of tested animals and mixed infections with two Trichinella species were detected in four animals. T. spiralis/T. pseudospiralis mixed infection was found in a domestic pig and T. spiralis/T. nativa in two arctic foxes and a northern sea lion. Here, for the fi rst time, Trichinella spp. infection in a northern sea lion and the northern sea lion as a new host for T. spiralis and T. nativa is reported. Discovery of Trichinella spp. infection in a new host, such as a northern sea lion, which is an opportunistic marine predator, mainly feeding on fi sh, indicates environmental contamination. Leaving of carcasses or waste from animals and improper management of livestock operations is important for spreading Trichinella spp. infection in free living animals. Therefore, further extensive epidemiological and environmental research and molecular studies are needed to investigate the local fauna.

No abstract

The polar bear Ursus maritimus is a circumpolar species classified as vulnerable and included in the IUCN Red List. It is considered to be practically free of helminth parasites with the only species reported being Trichinella spiralis s. l. Samples of feces were collected on Chukotka coast, Wrangel Island and on ice floes in the Kara, Laptev and Chukchi seas in 2013-2015 in different seasons of the year. Coprological diagnostics was carried out using the standard flotation and sedimentation methods. In the samples collected in the snow-free period, a single sample (3.7%) was found to contain eggs of the nematode Toxascaris sp. In three out of 9 samples collected in the winter, eggs of a cestode Diphyllobothrium sp., of unidentified trematodes (presumably Heterophyidae) and of the strongylid nematode Uncinaria stenocephala were found as well as the first stage nematode larvae tentatively identified as Crenosoma sp. Viable Trichinella nativa larvae were recovered from the muscles of a female animal from north of Yakutia.