Tobacco smoking causes pronounced structural reorganization of the gingival mucosa and its atrophic changes. Odontopreparation stimulates destructive processes in the gingival mucosa promoting activation of local immunity (stimulation of immunoglobulin synthesis). Significant differences in the local humoral immunity (IgG dysimmunoglobulinemia) and cytokine spectrum in nonsmoking and tobacco-smoking patients were detected. Subcompensated level of immune resistance in tobacco smokers prompts referring them to a group at a high risk of chronic pathological processes of the oral cavity.
Nonthermal effects of terahertz radiation on living objects are currently intensely studied, as more sources of this radiation type and devices employing it are being constructed. Terahertz radiation is increasing ly used in security and inspection systems, medical and scientific appliances due to its low quant energy, which does not cause severe effects on organisms as other radiation types with higher quant energies do. The aim of this study was the identification of pro tein complexes participating in the response of the archaea Halorubrum saccharovorum H3 isolated from an extre me natural environment to terahertz radiation. We developed a microfluidic system for irradiation of bac terial and archaeal cultures with terahertz radiation and performed a 5hourlong exposure of H. saccha ro vorum to terahertz radiation at a wavelength of 130 µm and a power density of 0.8 Wt per cm 2 for 5 h. We iden tified under or overexpressed proteins in response to tera hertz radiation using 2D electrophoresis with sub sequ ent MALDITOF mass spectrometry. A total of 16 differ entially expressed protein fractions with at least 1.5fold changes in expression level were de tected. The obtained data suggest that Halorubrum cells respond to exposure to terahertz radiation by expression changes in gene products involved in trans lation regulation.Key words: free electron laser; terahertz radiation; microfluidic system; halophilic thermotolerant archaea.В последние десятилетия в связи с появлением новых источников терагерцового излучения и разработкой приборов на его основе проводятся исследования воздействия излучения этого диапазона на живые объекты. Использование терагерцового излучения в системах безопасности контроля и досмотра, диагностическом медицинском оборудовании и научных исследованиях теорети че ски обусловлено малой энергией кванта этого излучения, не вызывающей негативных последствий при контакте с живыми системами, как это происходит при применении излучения более высоко энерге тичных диапазонов. В этой связи изучение эффектов нетер мического воздействия терагерцового излучения на живые объекты представляет актуальную задачу. Целью настоящей работы была идентификация комплекса белков, участвующих в ответе клеток археи Halorubrum saccharovorum H3, выделенной из природной экстремальной среды обитания, на электромагнитное излучение терагерцового диапазона. Для облу чения терагерцо вым излучением бактериальных и архейных культур нами разра ботана микрофлюидная система. Проведено 5часовое облучение галофильной термостабильной археи H. saccharovorum терагерцо вым излучением с длиной волны 130 мкм при плотности мощно сти излучения 0.8 Вт/см 2 . Методами проте омного анализа, вклю ча ющими двумерный электрофорез с последующей MALDITOF массспектрометрией, проведена идентифи кация белков, изме ня ющих уровень экспрессии в результате не термического воздей ствия терагерцового излучения. Выявлено 16 белковых фракций, которые достоверно различаются по уров ню концентрации белка (более чем в полтора раза). Полученные данные свидетель...
The control rods of the VV/~R-100 and PWR reactors are similar as to design and operating conditions. This is of unquestionable interest when comparing their serviceability, service life characteristics, absorbent and structural materials, and paths of further development. An objective evaluation of the level of work being done on new-generation control rod systems in Russia and the West can be made by considering those matters. The urgency of such analysis also stems from foreign publications [1] indicating the need to provide VVI~R-1000 reactors with absorber rods based on the alloy 80% Ag-15% In-5% Cd, which is used in PWRs.Design of Cluster Assemblies. A VVI~R-1000 cluster assembly consists of 18 absorber rods, which are f'tlled with boron carbide powder of density 1.7 g/cm 3, contain natural t~ and liB, and are suspended from a crossarm (Fig. 1). The absorber rod cladding is made of 06Khl8N10T (6% Cr 18% Ni 10% Ti) steel with an inside diameter of 8.2 mm and thickness 0.6 mm and with ends sealed by argon-arc welding. The column of absorber is 3800-3900 mm long and the entire absorber rod, 4222 + 3 mm. Above the rod is a gas compensator, filled with helium at atmospheric pressure. Various designs of clusters assemblies, containing 16, 20, or 24 absorber rods, are used in Westinghouse PWRs (USA) [2]. The absorber material used in them generally is the alloy 80% Ag--15% In-5% Cd and the cladding is made of 304L stainless steel (18-19% Cr, 8-12% Ni, 0.03 % C (max)). The absorber rod diameter is 10 or 11 mm and the cladding wall thickness is 0.47-0.49 mm. The overall height of the entire cluster assembly is 4000 or 4100 mm and its diameter is 151 mm (Fig. 2)..Working Conditions (Table 1). The cluster assemblies for VVI~R-1000 reactors and'~'WRs are unified, i.e., can operate in the automatic control and scram modes. Their purpose is to control the reactivity as working members of the control rod system over the entire reactor power range and scram. The VVI~R-1000 has 61 cluster assemblies, ten of which operate in the automatic control mode and the other 51, in the scram mode [3]. The absorber rods move inside the 06Khl8NIOT (6% Cr 18% Ni 10% Ti) steel channel tubes of the fuel assemblies. As the reactor is shut down they "free fall" under their own mass at a speed of about 1 m/sec in under 4 see.PWR absorber rods also move in the channel tubes of the fuel assemblies. A fuel assembly of 17 x 17 configuration has 25 guide channels, one of which is earmarked for in-core sensors and the remaining 24, for absorber rods [I]. A guide channel is made of zirconium alloy, is 3895 mm long, and has a wall thickness of 0.4 mm. The absorber rods should descend in less than 2.2 see.During operation cluster assemblies in the scram mode are raised to the top, with the bottom ends of the absorber rods roughly 100 mm from the upper edge of the reactor core. In the automatic control mode the absorber rods as a rule are inserted only 300-500 mm into the reactor core. The bottom part of the rods, therefore, is exposed most to radiati...
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