The article discusses the fundamental and modern data on the structure and functions of human large and small lacrimal glands. The palpebral lobe of the human lacrimal gland consists of numerous fairly large lobules, which are almost of identical structure. Each lobule has several axial excretory intralobular ducts. Their branches along the whole length are surrounded by secretory epithelial components in the form of terminal sections and the corresponding finniest terminal lacrimal ducts that are grouped into the grape-bunch structural elements. Blood supply to the capillary network of the lacrimal gland and its alveoli is carried out by several arterioles that run through very large interstitial spaces rich in fatty tissue. Each arteriole supplies several adjacent lobules. The network of capillaries can be described as integral and is not divided into segments that would correspond to sublobular units. Blood capillaries are located in the spaces between several adjacent terminal portions. Thus, the fact of close syntopic similarity of the intralobular excretory ducts and postcapillary venules has been confirmed. The article poses the appropriateness of more detailed morphological studying of anatomical and topographic characteristics of the lacrimal glands. If has been found out the lack of information on the cellular composition of the wall of the excretory ducts of the lacrimal gland, both in humans and in laboratory rats, in order to compare their morphology and the quality of the secretion they produce. It would be interesting to compare the morphology of the human lacrimal glands and the garder gland in rats to identify general biological characteristics of the structure and functioning.
Structural organization of the orbital lobe of the human lacrimal gland. Ukrainian medical stomatological academy, Poltava, Ukraine. ABSTRACT. Вackground. In the last two decades, interest in the study of the morphology of the human lacrimal glands has increased significantly again and in the conduct of experiments with frequent diagnostics of «dry eye» syndrome in ophthalmology practice in relatively young people. Thus, we believe that this problem is relevant at the present time. Objective. The aim of the study is to study general biological regularities and specific features of the morphology and spatial organization of the excretory duct system and their terminal sections of the human lacrimal gland in syntopic unity with the hemomicrocirculatory bed. Methods. The glands were fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin. After traditional embedding in paraffin, histological sections with a thickness of 5 μm were obtained, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A series of histological sections were sequentially photographed, and they served as the basis for the selective study of the necessary structures of the lacrimal gland, as well as two-dimensional photoreconstruction. Results. In our studies, we proceeded from the fact that the lacrimal glands, like the salivary glands, is a polymer organ that has its own specificity of syntopic relationships in three-dimensional space. Therefore, at first research, we needed to identify the level of structural organization of diverse tissues of the human lacrimal gland, which would correspond to the concept of a structural-functional unit. In our opinion, it can be considered a particle of the orbital lobe of the lacrimal gland. Here, the ducts are located radially with respect to the axially intralobular duct. Such a duct is capable of integrating one or another number of alveolar -tubular assemblies resembling typical adenomeres (sublobular unit). Conclusion. Thus, an ordinal analysis of a series of histological sections and a decomposition analysis of photoreconstructions allows us to conclude that the orbital lobe of the human lacrimal gland consists of numerous particles that have practically the same structural principle, and we have previously studied and described lobules of the palpebral lobe jf the lacrimal gland, as well as small salivary glands. Each lobule has several axia l excretory intralobular ducts. Their ramifications throughout are surrounded by secretory epithelial components in the form of terminal sections and the smallest terminal lacrimal ducts corresponding to them, which together form the structural elements of the groin-like shape. The longest and largest in caliber ducts of the lacrimal gland are located outside the aisles of particles. As a result of this structure, on some histological sections, we see only relatively large lumens of the ducts and thei r walls (epithelial zone) in the immediate vicinity of the integumentary epithelium of the conjunctiva, and on others -smallcaliber ducts up to their final saccular extensions, formi...
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