There was executed a 6-years cohort study of 65 children divided into an observation group comprising of 45 cases residing in the conditions of atmosphere air contaminated by a complex of chemical substances of technogenic origin (suspended solids, phenol, formaldehyde), and a comparative group (20 children) from the area with beneficiary sanitary-hygienic conditions. In conditions of the impact of these chemical substances in children reaching of the age of 7-10 years the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and vegetative disorders was established to increase by 1.2-1.9 times, and the risk of getting sick with bronchial asthma is growing by more than twice; by 11-14 years the risk of spreading of allergic rhinitis is additionally growing by 1.4 times against the background of the decreasing in the probability of forming of chronic lympho-proliferative processes of nasopharynx and secondary immunodeficiency. The frequency of the development of vegetative dysfunctions increases twice over the 6 years period in children residing in conditions of persistent aerogenous combined impact of suspended solids, phenol and formaldehyde.
The objective was to assess the health status of school-age children living in rural areas.Material and methods. The study was carried out by the method of the main array by anonymous questioning of 106 schoolchildren of grades 7–11 at the age of 12–17 years, trained in the municipal general education institution «Secondary School № 1» in the city Dno of the Pskov Region. The information obtained from Form № 026/y-2000 was used for an objective assessment.Results. We determined that 52.8 % of the children who studied at the rural school in grades 7–11 were girls whose average age was (14.72±0.2) years, brought up in a full family (69.8 %) with two children (48.2 %), with a good financial situation (52.9 %). Studying self-esteem of schoolchildren’s health showed that the average score set by children was (3.86±0.08). Girls are worse than boys, they evaluate their health. The study of the frequency of acute diseases in children and the number of days missed by them due to disease during the school year showed that the average number of diseases was (1.61±0.19) times, the number of missed days was (7.9±0.76) days. We found out that only 18.8 % of children did not go to school when they were sick. 63.2 % of children were engaged in sports, while 30.2 % were engaged in sports regularly. All 100.0 % of boys were more or less engaged in sports, among them 64.0 % of schoolchildren were regularly engaged in sports. Among girls, no one was regularly engaged in sports, 30.4 % was irregularly engaged in sports. Studying the attitude of schoolchildren to smoking and drinking alcoholic drinks showed that 8.5 % of schoolchildren smoked regularly, 15.1 % of schoolchildren drank low-alcohol drinks from time to time, 18.9 % – wine, and 4.7 % of schoolchildren – strong spirits. According to medical records, more than half of schoolchildren had disharmonious physical development (55.8 %). The estimation of the distribution of children by health groups showd that among schoolchildren the proportion of children of group I was 21.4 %, group II – 59.1 %, group III – 17.7 %, group IV – 1.8 %, groups V – 0 %.Conclusion. Indicators of self-assessment of schoolchildren’s health and the proportion of children involved in sports in the Pskov Region were lower than on the average in the Russian Federation. The health level of schoolchildren living in rural areas was lower than the average Russian indicators.
By the prevalence in the earth’s crust, silicon occupies the second place after oxygen. In different quantities silicon always presents in water and food products.The average daily dietary intake of silicon in Western world is about 20-50 mg/day. The biological role of silicon in human organism is still not clear, but it assumed to be necessary for processes of bone mineralization, collagen synthesis, it has a positive effect on the state of skin, hair, and nails, contributes to the prevention of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer disease. A number of scientific research is devoted to biological effects of silicon in animals and human subjects under intake with food and water, and substantiation of silicon (maximum admissible concentrations (MAC) in drinking water. In Chuvashia there was investigated the regional (geographical) pathology, which may be related with an increased silicon intake in association with the sharp imbalances of trace and macro elements in drinking water. Some measures were implemented to identify the possible role of silicon in etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report summarized materials for the experimental evaluation of the toxicity and harmless levels of silicon intake with food and water in animals. A series of studies was executed to simulate the development of silicon urolithiasis and for the elucidation of the role of macro- and microelements accompanying the intake of silicon into the body in stone formation. There are studied potential therapeutic effects of water soluble silicon compounds on human health. The standards of silicon in drinking water are regulated only in Russia and Australia. At the same time in our country there were formed two opposing points of view in relation to the hygienic standardization of silicon. The first is one - MAC of silicon in drinking water needs to be cancelled, the second - MAC of silicon in the water needs to be tightened. To resolve the contradictions it is advisable to use both the experience of harmonization of standards with international requirements, and the principle of silicon regional standardization, taking into consideration the biogeochemical characteristics of geographic areas. When searching the literature databases PubMed and CyberLeninka were used.
Aim. To study the problems of organizing vaccination of children in children's clinics to develop measures aimed at increasing the coverage of children with vaccination. Methods. On the basis of 7 children's polyclinics in Saint Petersburg, an anonymous survey of 1724 mothers who had children aged 1 year was carried out by random sampling according to a specially developed form Questionnaire for a mother of a child aged one year. The representativeness of this sample was tested by professor A.M. Merkova's method, the error did not exceed 2.2%. Results. 15.7% of children had violations of the vaccination status, 4.9% of them were not completely vaccinated. The main reason for refusal from vaccination in 89.8% of cases with partial vaccination and in 82.5% of cases with complete refusal was medical contraindications related to the childs state of health. The most common causes of vaccination against individual childhood infections (partial vaccination) were the belief that there is no danger of infection with childhood infectious diseases (81.3%) and the fear of possible post-vaccination complications (69.7%). Parents completely refused vaccinations most often because of doubts about the quality of vaccines (74.4%) and fear of possible post-vaccination complications (66.7%). 69.5% of parents whose children were vaccinated in the first year of life did not receive complete information from the doctor about the vaccine and the disease that the child will be vaccinated with, as well as the possible consequences of immunization. In 76.6% of partially and completely vaccinated children, immunization was not organized in accordance with the guidelines. At the same time, in 49.1% of them, the health worker specified the information about the state of health after vaccination by phone call the day after immunization, and 1.7% of children had no follow-up after vaccination. Conclusion. The organization of vaccine prophylaxis in children's clinics has a significant number of unresolved problems, which can lead to a further decrease in the coverage of children with vaccination against vaccine-controlled infections.
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