Cycle biologlque et rcpurtition de M. wachtli dans le Rasstn MPditerranGen 381h.l,w, L., 1944: Nuovi reperti di Chalcidi nella Liguria (Hymen. paras.) Mem. SOC. Entomol. ROQUES, A.; FABRE, J. P.; RAIMBAULT, J. P.; DELPLANQUE, A,; GARCIA, J.; GOUSSARD, F., 1983: Les insectes ravageurs des cBnes et graines de coniftres en France. Versailles: I.N.R.A. SErrNER, M., 1916: Uber Nadelholzsamen zerstorende Chalcidien. Centralbl. ges. Forstwes. TEMPLADO, J., 1976: Una plaga de las cupressaceas: Pseudococcyx tessulatana Stgr. (Lipidop-TIMBAL, J., 1975: Chorologie des espkces ligneuses. Tome 2: Essences de reboisement dans la ZOCCHI, R., 1963: Insetti del Cipresso. 111. Note morfologische-etologiche sulla Pseudococcyx It. 23, 82-84. 42, 307-324. tkre, Tortricidae). Bol. Serv. Plagas for. 2, 257-261. zone rniditerranienne. Nancy: 1.N.R.A:C.N.R.F. tessulatana Stgr. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Redia 48, 239-264. AbstractInvestigations have been carried out to assess the role of bait formulations in the control of the cotton leafworm Spodo teru littoralis with Bacillus thuringiensis. Treated cottonseed flour and soybean flour were the lasic ingredients used in these formulations. Addition of some or all of the ingredients (cottonseed oil, glycerol, ethanol extract of cottonseed kernels in glycerol, raffinose, corn extract) was made at various concentrations. Formulations containing soybeans showed more potency when used at 5-10 % concentration. The baits containing cottonseed kernels extracted with ethanol and then with acetone-hexane-water azeotrope were also efficient in improvin the potency of B. thuringiensis var. entomocidus. Increase in the gossypol content decreasef the effectiveness of the formulations as shown with those containing cottonseed kernels extracted only with hexane. Changes in the total amount of cottonseed oil in the bait formulation over the ran e of 1-12 m/100 gm of the bait had no effect on the level of its efficiency. The addition of freshf;reparelethanol extract of cottonseed kernels caused 3-4 fold increase in the effectiveness of the gait, compared to a similar extract after its storage for a month at room temperature. The baits containing hexane or acetone-hexane-water extracted cottonseed kernels, showed a lesser effect when compared to the commercial product "Coax". The concentrations of the ingredients raffinose and corn extract had no clear effect. U.S. Laboruntersuchungen zur Disposition unterschiedlich geschadigter Fichten (Picea abiesKarst.) fur den Befall durch Gilpinia hercyniae Htg. (Hym., Diprionidae) und Lymantria monacha L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) Abstract The predisposition of differently weakened trees of Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst.) to the attack by Gilpinia hercyniae Htg. (Hym., Diprionidae) and Lymantria monacha L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) Under laboratory conditions larvae of Gilpinia hercyniae Ht . (Hym., Di rionidae) and Lymantria monucha L. (Lep., L mantriidae) were reared on brancia from visiby health or diseased trees of Norway spruce i o m the Hils mountains (Lower Saxony, B...
Defatted meals of two new varieties of rapeseed, Brassica napus, Erglu and Lesira, and protein isolates prepared therefrom, were fed to chicks that had been depleted of their embryonic protein reserve. First, the animals were fed at a 12 % protein level, half of it from rapeseed meal, or a rapeseed protein isolate and, subsequently, at a 20 % level, all of it from rapeseed products. Feed consumption, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio revealed better performance of the protein isolates as compared to the corresponding meals. This is attributed to the favorable amino acid patterns of these isolates and the absence of glucosinolates. Erglu meal, too, is eminently suitable as a supplement to chicken feed, whereas Lesira meal, although its amino acid pattern is adequate and similar to that of Erglu meal, showed detrimental effects, probably due to its high glucosinolate content.
Defatted meals were prepared from conventional rapeseed, B. napus, Diamant, and from two new varieties of rapeseed, B. napus, Erglu and Lesira by the following processes: 1) Successive extraction or countercurrent extraction of myrosinase‐deactivated ground rapeseed with 70% aqueous acetone for the removal of glucosinolates followed by defatting using pure acetone; 2) Autolysis of ground rapeseed by the action of heat, moisture and myrosinase for the decomposition of glucosinolates followed by defatting using hexane with simultaneous removal of the decomposition products of glucosinolates. Both processes yield low‐glucosinolate rapeseed meals having favorable nutritional properties. Especially, the process involving autolysis is simple and inexpensive in which practically none of the proteins are lost. This process can be easily adapted to the conventional processing of rapeseed.
The proteins of the new rapeseed varieties Brassica napus, Pmteine aus neuen Raps-SortenDiese Proteinfraktionen lassen sich leicht in hoher Ausbeute isolieren. Sie sind hinsichtlich ihrer ernahrungsphysiologischen Eigensdmften den entspredlenden Rapsinehlen weit iiberlegen. lated in high yields. Their nutritive value is superior to that of the corresponding meals.
Defatted meals were prepared from two new varieties of rapeseed, the ‘high-glucosinolate’ variety, Brassica napus, Lesira, and the ‘low-glucosinolate’ variety, Brassica napus, Erglu, by each of the following processes: (1) defatting of the ground seed with hexane; (2) extraction of the myrosinase-deactivated ground seed with 70% aqueous acetone for the removal of glucosinolates followed by defatting with pure acetone, and (3) autolysis of the ground seed for the decomposition of glucosinolates followed by defatting and simultaneous removal of the decomposition products with hexane. The defatted meals obtained after extraction with aqueous acetone or autolysis contain very little glucosinolates and their degradation products as compared to those obtained by defatting with hexane only. The contents of available lysine and of phytates in the meals are, to some extent, affected by the treatment for the removal of glucosinolates. The rapeseed meals were fed at different levels to protein-depleted chicks and weanling rats. The animals fed low-glucosinolate meals prepared both from high-glucosinolate and low-glucosinolate varieties of rapeseed gave superior performance with regard to the feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio as compared to the animals fed the corresponding meals which were obtained simply by defatting the seeds with hexane. The levels of thyroxine (T4)and triiodothyronine (T3) in the serum of rats fed low-glucosinolate meals indicated normal function of the thyroid, whereas those in rats fed high-glucosinolate meals revealed hypo-thyroidism of the animals.
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