Influence of bait formulations on the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lep., Noctuidae)

Abstract

Cycle biologlque et rcpurtition de M. wachtli dans le Rasstn MPditerranGen 381h.l,w, L., 1944: Nuovi reperti di Chalcidi nella Liguria (Hymen. paras.) Mem. SOC. Entomol. ROQUES, A.; FABRE, J. P.; RAIMBAULT, J. P.; DELPLANQUE, A,; GARCIA, J.; GOUSSARD, F., 1983: Les insectes ravageurs des cBnes et graines de coniftres en France. Versailles: I.N.R.A. SErrNER, M., 1916: Uber Nadelholzsamen zerstorende Chalcidien. Centralbl. ges. Forstwes. TEMPLADO, J., 1976: Una plaga de las cupressaceas: Pseudococcyx tessulatana Stgr. (Lipidop-TIMBAL, J., 1975: Chorologie des espkces ligneuses. Tome 2: Essences de reboisement dans la ZOCCHI, R., 1963: Insetti del Cipresso. 111. Note morfologische-etologiche sulla Pseudococcyx It. 23, 82-84. 42, 307-324. tkre, Tortricidae). Bol. Serv. Plagas for. 2, 257-261. zone rniditerranienne. Nancy: 1.N.R.A:C.N.R.F. tessulatana Stgr. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Redia 48, 239-264. AbstractInvestigations have been carried out to assess the role of bait formulations in the control of the cotton leafworm Spodo teru littoralis with Bacillus thuringiensis. Treated cottonseed flour and soybean flour were the lasic ingredients used in these formulations. Addition of some or all of the ingredients (cottonseed oil, glycerol, ethanol extract of cottonseed kernels in glycerol, raffinose, corn extract) was made at various concentrations. Formulations containing soybeans showed more potency when used at 5-10 % concentration. The baits containing cottonseed kernels extracted with ethanol and then with acetone-hexane-water azeotrope were also efficient in improvin the potency of B. thuringiensis var. entomocidus. Increase in the gossypol content decreasef the effectiveness of the formulations as shown with those containing cottonseed kernels extracted only with hexane. Changes in the total amount of cottonseed oil in the bait formulation over the ran e of 1-12 m/100 gm of the bait had no effect on the level of its efficiency. The addition of freshf;reparelethanol extract of cottonseed kernels caused 3-4 fold increase in the effectiveness of the gait, compared to a similar extract after its storage for a month at room temperature. The baits containing hexane or acetone-hexane-water extracted cottonseed kernels, showed a lesser effect when compared to the commercial product "Coax". The concentrations of the ingredients raffinose and corn extract had no clear effect. U.S. Laboruntersuchungen zur Disposition unterschiedlich geschadigter Fichten (Picea abiesKarst.) fur den Befall durch Gilpinia hercyniae Htg. (Hym., Diprionidae) und Lymantria monacha L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) Abstract The predisposition of differently weakened trees of Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst.) to the attack by Gilpinia hercyniae Htg. (Hym., Diprionidae) and Lymantria monacha L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) Under laboratory conditions larvae of Gilpinia hercyniae Ht . (Hym., Di rionidae) and Lymantria monucha L. (Lep., L mantriidae) were reared on brancia from visiby health or diseased trees of Norway spruce i o m the Hils mountains (Lower Saxony, B...

Evaluation of Some Environmentally Safe Cemicals Against Spodoptera littoralis

“…Also IGRs may act as growth distruptor, it interferes with moulting by softening the larval endocuticle through reduction in its chitin content and by hardening of the exocuticle as result of enhanced phenoloxidase activity. These results are in agreement with many investigators, Dulmage, 1971;Ibrahim, 1974;Ascher and Nemny, 1979;Dimetry, et al, 1979;Grosscurt and Anderson, 1980;Radwan, et al, 1980;El-Sayed, 1981;El-Nockrashy, et al, 1986;Lecadet and Martouret, 1987;Marguerre-M and Daniel, 1987;Chilcott and Ellar, 1988;Chung and Cote, 1992;Fisk and Wright, 1992;Tabashnik, 1992;Chandler, 1993;Palma and Meola, 1993;Forrester, 1994;El-Kordy, et al, 1995;Pawar, et al, 1995;Smagghe, et al, 1997;Barker, 1998;Said, 1998 In general, the susceptibility of Spodoptera larvae to Dipel-2X increases when treatment after IGRs. The IGRs+Dipel-2X caused more toxic effect than single treatment with Dipel-2X, it could be concluded that IGRs enhanced the toxicity effect of Dipel-2X.…”

Prospects of monosodium glutamate use for enhancement of spinosad toxicity against codling moth neonates

“…were successfully implemented against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (9). More recently, promising results on enhancement of B.t.…”

Stimulation of Feeding: Insect Control Agents

“…'References: I, Allen and Pate (1966); 2, Bartelt et al (1990); 3, Bell and Kanavel (1975); 4, Bell and Kanavel (1978); 5, El-Nockrashy et al (1986); 6, Guerra and Shaver (1969); 7, Gholson and Showers (1979); 8, Mclaughlin et al (1971); 9, Montoya et al (1966); 10, Navon et al (1987); 11, Patti and Carner (1974); 12, Potter and Watson (l983b); 13, Smith et al (1982); 14, Starks et al (1965). The possibility of feeding stimulants for other economically important lepidopterous larva was investigated by EI-Nockrashy et al (1986) on Spodoptera littoralis, the cotton leafworm. They evaluated various solvent extracts of cottonseed flour, nontreated soy flour, crude and refined cottonseed oil, ethanol extracts of cottonseed kernels, the sugar raffinose, and a hot water extract of dried com kernels.…”