Organic material is widely used for propagation of orchids, namely coconut water, extracts of tomatoes, bananas, bean sprouts and potatoes which can be added to certain media as a provider of nutrients, amino acid minerals, and growth regulators. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of organic matter in coconut water and banana extract on MS media on the regeneration of PLB (protocorn like bodies) Dendrobiumgatton sunray. The study was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, from September to December 2019. This study used a Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of coconut water with 3 levels namely: A0 = 0 (Control), A1 = 75 ml.L -1 , A2 = 150 ml.L -1 , and the second factor was the concentration of banana extract with 5 levels namely: B0 = 0 (Control), B1 = 75 g.L -1 , B2 = 150 g.L -1 . The results showed that coconut water did not affect all variables, however the banana extract had a significant effect on all variables except for the number of shoots. There was an interaction between the two treatments, namely the variable plantlet weight. Orthogonal polynomial analysis showed that there was an interaction between the two treatments, where coconut water and banana extract had a good response on the plantlet growth when given together as much as 75 ml.L -1 (A1) and 75 g.L -1 (B1). The concentration of both treatment was lower than it was given individually.

One of the constrains limitting the succes of Phalaenopsis breeding is incompatibility between the parents. The objective of this study was to evaluate pollination compatibilities among Indonesian Phalaenopsis species and the standard hybrid group. The species used were Phal. violaceae 'Sumatera', Phal. cornu-cervi 'Kalimantan', Phal. amboinensis, Phal. tetraspis and Phal. modesta and Phal. amabilis. The Phalaenopsis standard hybrids used were eight commercially available hybrid accessions in the Indonesian flower market. The pollination schemes evaluated include: self-and cross-pollination among standard hybrids (intrahybrids) and reciprocal crosses among standard hybrids and the Indonesian species of Phalaenopsis (inter-hybrids). Prior to pollination, the following parental characters were noted: inflorescence length, flower number at anthesis, flower sizes, leaf stomatal size and stomatal density, respectively. After pollination, the following characters were recorded: pod set number, pod size, and seed set, respectively. Samples of mature pods of intra-hybrid crosses were harvested, the seeds were germinated aseptically, and the protocorm growth from the seeds were evaluated. Results of the evaluation indicated Indonesian Phalaenopsis species in general showed smaller inflorescence length, flower number at anthesis, and flower sizes than the standard hybrid accessions. The species also exhibited smaller stomatal cell size and higher stomatal cell densities than the hybrid ones. Standard Phalaenopsis hybrids commercially available in Indonesia might have different ploidy level than the Indonesian Phalaenopsis species. Such hypothesis was supported by the the contrasting morphological characters, stomatal cell sizes and stomatal density. Furthermore, it was supported by the failure to obtain either pod set or seed set in the majority of reciprocal cross pollination among Phalaenopsis standard hybrids and the species. Growth and multiplication of protocom derived from two intrahybrid populations into protocorm like bodies (PLBs) was not affected by the medium composition but by the genetic background of the parents. Protocorm originated from cross pollination of White  Pink standard hybrid accessions gave higher multiplication rate than that of Pink  White standard hybrids.

The existence of Phalaenopsis species had declined in the wild. Efforts to preserve the species with artificial propagation through crosses to produce a better crop than the parents, often fail because of incompatibility of the parents. This could be minimized by performing characterization to determine the relationship between parental crosses. The purpose of this research was to study the morphological characters of 30 genotypes (five genotypes of Phalaenopsis species, i.e. Phal. violacea, Phal. tetraspis, Phal. amboinensis, Phal. modesta, and Phal. cornu-cervi, and 25 hybrid genotypes found in Indonesia). Morphological characterization was executed in accordance with the type of roots, stem, leaf, and flower using UPOV guidelines and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the 70 morphological characters could be separated into 490 sub-characters that can be divided into 484 polymorphic sub-characters (98.78%) and six monomorphic subcharacters (1.22%). Data analysis with NTSYS program showed that there were eight clusters with 42% of coefficient similarity. The five Phalaenopsis species formed into one cluster. The similarity coefficient between Phalaenopsis spp. and the 25 hybrids was only 30%, 29-70% within species, and 39-64% between the hybrids. Matrix correlation of morphological markers value (r) was 0.88, showed goodness of fit for resemblance coefficient. The PCA clustering was not in line to those identified by the NTSYS tree cluster analysis.

Drought stress is an inhibiting factor for plant growth and development. Drought stress reduces the seed to germinate and to grow on different varieties. Response to germination to drought stress is the beginning signal of drought tolerance for several varieties of plants. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the germination response of 16 soybean varieties, to determine the degree of drought stress tolerance of 19 soybean varieties, and to identify varieties that are tolerant as well as sensitive to drought which stimulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Soybean seeds were added to sand media containing PEG (6000) at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% which were equivalent to 0, -0.03 Mpa, -0.19 Mpa, -041 and -067 Mpa for 8 days. The germination responses by calculating the vigor index, germination, root length, hypocotyl length, root length and hypocotyl length ratio, fresh weight sprouts. Inhibition of germination increases with a reduction in water potential. Each soybean seed tested showed different germination responses which were different under drought stress conditions. The results of 19 varieties showed only one variety which was identified to be drought-tolerant, however, 9 varieties were identified as medium droughttolerant, and 9 varieties were identified as sensitive to drought. The variety that was tolerant to drought was Gepak Kuning. Varieties that were sensitive to drought were Dena 2

Citrus hystrixis a famous horticutural crops product today. Fresh fruits of Citrus hystrix from Indonesia are mainly exported to European countries by PT Nusantara Segar Global under the trademark of Java Fresh. Futhermore, the seedlings of Citrus hystrix were also used to be a rootstock for RGL citrus due to its vigorous root growth, adataptive to marginal land, and resistance to dry season. The objective of research was to determine the effects of difference kind and concentration of cytokinin to induce shoot of Citrus hystrix. The research was conducted from January to April 2019 at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University. The research was designed to be Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). First factor was kind of cytokinin (BAP and Kinetin). Second factor was the concentration of cytokinins (0 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, and 5 ppm). Therefore, there were 12 combinations with 3 replications. The results show, the number of shoot leaf of Citrus hystrix shows a different respon to the type of cytokinin. The best type of cytokinin in the shoot of Citrus hystrix was BAP, that produced the highest number of leaves, the highest number of shoots and the heaviest wet weight of shoots, namely 10.42 leaves/bottle, 3.2 shoots and 0.46 gr. The optimum concentration of BAP was 2.58 ppm.