This paper investigates technical and economically efficiency of 62 organic and 62 conventional olive producing farms in Turkey. According to the study results; by using the crS model which is input and output-oriented, the average technical efficiency of organic olive farms is 67.68%, the average technical efficiency of conventional olive farms is 47.93%. The technical efficiency of the output-oriented VrS model is 74.78%, and the technical efficiency of the input-oriented VrS model is 93.46%. Also, considering the same model, the average efficiency of the conventional olive farms in the input and output are 59.58% and 94.97%, respectively. Therefore, according to the Data Envelopment Analysis, the technical efficiency in conventional olive farms is less than in the organic ones. When the farms have been evaluated one by one in the light of the total potential improvement values, inputs and outputs, improvement is needed in all values. Key words: olive, efficiency analysis, farm efficiency, data envelopment analysisAbstrakt: Práce se zabývá výzkumem technické a ekonomické efektivnosti 62 ekologických a 62 konvenčních farem zamě-řených na pěstování oliv v Turecku. Podle výsledků studie na základě využití modelu crS orientovaného na input-output je průměrná technická efektivnost konvenčních farem 6,68 % a průměrná technická efektivnost ekologických farem 47,93 %. output-orientovaný VrS model technické efektivnosti vykazuje hodnotu 74,78 % a input-orientovaný VrS model 93,46 %. Uvažujeme-li tentýž typ modelu, je průměrná technická efektivnost konvenčních farem v input-orientovaném modelu 59,58 % a v output-orientovaném modelu 9,97 %. z analýzy dat pak vyplývá, že technická efektivnost konvenčních farem je nižší, než u farem ekologických. Když pak byly farmy analyzovány jednotlivě z hlediska celkových hodnot potenciálního zlepšení efektivnosti, bylo zjištěno, že zlepšení je žádoucí ve všech zkoumaných hodnotách.
ÖZETağlık bilinci, kaliteli yaşam sürme arzusu, yaşam süresinin uzaması ve hastalık tedavi ücretlerinin artması gibi nedenler tüketicileri daha sağlıklı beslenmeye itmektedir. Bu durum da "fonksiyonel gıdalar" diye adlandırılan, beslenme bakımından yeterli olmalarının yanı sıra, vücutta bir veya birden fazla fonksiyon üzerine iyi olma hali sağlayan ve/veya hastalık riskini azaltma gibi olumlu etkilere sahip olduğu belirtilen gıdaların geliştirilmesine yol açmıştır. Fonksiyonel Gıdalar; insan fizyolojisi ve metabolik fonksiyonları üzerinde ilave faydalar sağlayan, böylelikle hastalıklardan korunmada ve daha sağlıklı bir yaşama ulaşmada etkinlik gösteren gıdalar veya gıda bileşenleridir.Bu araştırmada Türkiye'de özellikle 2000'li yıllardan itibaren market raflarında daha da fazla görülmeye başlayan bu fonksiyonel gıda pazarında tüketici kararlarını etkileyen nedenler üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırmada, İzmir'de tüketicilerle yüz yüze gerçekleştirilen anket çalışmasıyla, tüketicilerin fonksiyonel ürünlerle ilgili düşünce ve satın alma veya almama davranışlarını anlamak amacıyla elde edilmiş orijinal nitelikli veriler; ki kare, faktör ve kümeleme analizi gibi istatistiki analiz yöntemleriyle yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, tüketicileri bu gıdaları almaya iten ve engelleyen nedenler araştırılmıştır. Avrupa Birliği'nde yaşayan tüketicilerin tersine, Türkiye'de daha genç ve eğitimli kesimin bu ürünleri tüketmeye daha hevesli olduğu bulunmuştur. Öte yandan ürünün sağlık iddiası tüketicileri bu ürünleri almaya yöneltirken eğer üründen beklenilen fayda görülemez ve lezzet istenilen ölçüde değilse yani tüketici açısından başarısız bir tüketim deneyimiyle sonuçlanırsa satın alım sürecinin sürekliliğinin de gerçekleştirilemeyeceği tespit edilmiştir. ABSTRACT ealt concerns, expectation of longer and better lives and increasing health expenses have created a situation where consumers are seeking out much healthier foods. This situation has caused the development of functional foods, which include a variety of components, nutrients and non-nutrients, which affect a range of body functions relevant either to a person's state of well-being, general health, and / or to the reduction of risk of a disease. This article discusses the deciding factors of consumers when purchasing functional foods, which began to appear on the market in Turkey after the year 2000. The original data was collected through face to face interviews in İzmir using a questionnaire. The purpose of this questionaire was to understand the consumer's decisions and behaviour when they were contemplating whether or not to buy functional foods. This raw data was then processed by means of statistical analysis (chi square, factor and cluster etc.) This analysis was then used to investigate the reasons that would either encourage or discourage consumers from buying functional foods. Contrary to consumers who live in the European Union, younger and more educated consumers in Turkey are more likely to consume functional foods. On the other hand, when the health claim ...
Abstract:The aims of this study are to determine the cooperation of milk producers and to analyze the milk marketing structure in Menemen-Izmir, West Turkey. According to the results of this study, 70% of the producers are the shareholders of the cooperatives, 49.2% of the producers are members of the National Chamber of Agriculture. In this study, 47.20% of total milk production in the farms is marketing to street sellers, 36.11% is marketing to small scale milk processing plants, 10.1% is marketing directly to consumer and 6.6% is marketing to dairy factories. Also, feed prices in the market are 5% higher than the prices of cooperatives. The main problems related to organization and marketing together are the lack of knowledge in production, low milk prices and the high cost of production. Key words: milk production, milk marketing, cooperative, organizationAbstrakt: Cílem této studie je analyzovat družstevní spolupráci a marketingovou strukturu producentů mléka v Menemen--Izmiru v Západním Turecku. Podle výsledků této studie je 70 % producentů podílníky družstev a 49,2 producentů je členy Národní zemědělské komory. 47,2 % celkové produkce mléka zemědělských podniků je prodána pouličním prodavačům mléka, 36,11 % menším zpracovatelským podnikům, 10,1 % je prodáváno přímo spotřebitelům a 6,6 % mlékárnám. Tržní ceny krmiv jsou o 5 % vyšší než ceny družstev. Hlavním problémem ve vztahu k organizaci a marketingu je nedostatek znalostí v produkční oblasti, nízké ceny mléka a vysoké náklady produkce.
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