Data on heights and weights of Indian males and females of various ages are presented. The weights of specific organs obtained from post-mortem records of accident cases of Indian adults and children are also presented to provide some inputs towards formulation of an Indian Reference Man for radiation protection purposes. An intercomparison of the present data with the data available from other sources including those for ICRP Reference Man, Woman, and Child has been made. The daily intakes of air, water, and dietary constituents of an average Indian adult are also given.
The paper brings out in detail the activities and achievements of INMAS in its formative years and in the post-Mazumdar period. In addition to carrying out investigations on endemic goitre, Brig. Mazumdar pioneered the methodology of .the management of thyrotoxicosis by low-split doses of 1311. In post-Mazumdar period, INMAS saw an all-round growth with the establishment of an advanced non-invasive Organ Imaging Centre and setting up of a TLD-based Personnel Monitoring Centre (for radiation workers in Defence), etc. Studies were undertaken in thyroid epidemiology, radiobiology with emphasis on understanding the basic mechanisms of regulation and control of DNA repair processes, aQd the development of chemical radioprotectors with particular reference to the role of 2-deoxyglucose as an adjunct to radiotherapy;
A radiation protection survey has been carried out using TLD to assess the radiation exposure to staff during radium insertions for cancer of the cervix. The staff monitored were the radiotherapist, anaesthetist and operating theatre assistant. The radiotherapist, who received the highest exposure, had on the average 160 muGy (16 mrad) whole body (chest) dose while the finger tip doses were around 600 muGy (60 mrad) from the insertion of 60 mg radium. TLD was found to be convenient and sensitive for this purpose, including estimation of finger-tip doses. It helps to maintain the confidence of the staff that their doses are "as low as readily achievable" and also offers a means of checking improvements in practice where found necessary.
Effective dose estimations have been carried out for some newer technetium-99 m labelled diagnostic agents employed for myocardial and regional cerebral perfusion studies. Mean absorbed doses due to these preparations were taken from published literature. Effective dose was calculated by multiplying mean absorbed dose to an organ or tissue by the value of tissue weighting factor assigned to that organ or tissue in the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and integrating over all the organs or tissues of interest. The process was repeated considering the revised values of tissue weighting factors as recommended recently. A method for approximate effective dose calculation is described in cases where complete data on mean absorbed dose or tissue weighting factor for an organ or tissue are not available. The revised values of tissue weighting factor normally result in a lowering of estimated effective doses due to these radiopharmaceuticals. It has also been demonstrated that the additional total stochastic risk caused due to these nuclear medicine investigations will only be marginal.
Reviews the current status of radioisotope applications in Defence-R&D Establishments, Defence Inspectorates, Ordnance Factories, Public Sector Undertakings under the Defence Ministry, Army, Navy and Air Force Establishments and Military Hospitals. It also lists the users of film badge service in Defence. Training programmes in radioisotope applications in Defence conducted by DRDO organisations have also been highlighted.
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