Formulation of the Reference Indian Adult

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

2014

Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr were estimated using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in sediment, water, fish and shrimp collected from the Subarnarekha River. Fish species Mystus gulio, Puntius conchonius, Labeo calbasu, Labeo rohita and Labeo bata, while the shrimp species Penaeus indicus, were used for the study. The range of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr in all the samples was found to be 0.004-0.85, 0.75-145.2, 0.03-0.41, 1.25-21.5, 12.4-109.5 and 0.22-11.36 mg kg -1 fresh, respectively. The concentrations of metals in the fish and shrimp exceed the limits of Indian and international standards for food for Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn in some samples. Higher concentrations of the metals were observed in the shrimp as compared to fish samples. The calculated daily intakes of the metals through the consumption of fish and shrimps ranged from 0.30 to 27.0 % of the corresponding tolerable limits suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The mean target hazard quotient values for the 6 metals were below 1 for all the samples; however, the maximum was more than 1 for shrimp Cu and Cr. The results indicated that the concentration of the metals in shrimps at some locations was alarming and pose an appreciable hazard risk on human health. Potential ecological risk analysis of sediment indicated that most of the sites posed moderate ecological risk with Cd posing a considerable risk at all the sites.

Section: Calculation Of Estimated Daily Intake (Edi)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Human health risk and ecological risk assessment of metals in fishes, shrimps and sediment from a tropical river

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

2014

“…Average daily dose was calculated by dividing the daily intake of metals through water by the body weight of an average Indian man, i.e. 52 kg (Jain et al 1995;Dang et al 1996). The daily intake was estimated taking into account the geometric mean concentration of the metals in water and the average water consumption of 1.48 m 3 year −1 by an Indian adult (Dang et al 1994).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment due to intake of heavy metals through the ingestion of groundwater around two proposed uranium mining areas in Jharkhand, India

Mahato

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

Heavy metal pollution of water resources can be apprehended in East Singhbhum region which is a highly mineralised zone with extensive mining of copper, uranium and other minerals. Ten groundwater samples were collected from each site and the heavy metal analysis was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Analysis of the results of the study reveals that the concentration of iron, manganese, zinc, lead, copper and nickel in groundwater of Bagjata mining area ranged 0.06-5.3 mg l(-1), 0.01-1.3 mg l(-1), 0.02-8.2 mg l(-1), 1.4-28.4 μg l(-1), 0.78-20.0 μg l(-1) and 1.05-20.1 μg l(-1), respectively. In case of Banduhurang mining area, the range was 0.04-2.93 mg l(-1), 0.02-1.1 mg l(-1), 0.01-4.68 mg l(-1), 1.04-33.21 μg l(-1), 1.24-18.7 μg l(-1) and 1.06-14.58 μg l(-1), respectively. The heavy metals were found to be below the drinking water standards (IS:10500 1993) except iron (0.3 mg l(-1)) and manganese (0.1 mg l(-1)). The hazard quotients of the heavy metals for drinking water were below 1 posing no threat due to intake of water to the people for both the areas.

“…The average daily dose was calculated by dividing the intake by the body weight of an average Indian man, i.e. 52 kg (Jain et al 1995;Dang et al 1996). The RfD o of all the heavy metals were considered from US-EPA.…”

Section: Ingestion Dose Of the Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment due to ingestion of natural radionuclides and heavy metals in the milk samples: a case study from a proposed uranium mining area, Jharkhand

Jha

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

Ingestion of radionuclides and heavy metals through drinking water and food intake represents one of the important pathways for long-term health considerations. Milk and milk products are main constituents of the daily diet. Radionuclides and heavy metals can be apprehended in the ecosystem of the East Singhbhum region which is known for its viable grades of uranium, copper and other minerals. For the risk assessment studies, samples of milk were collected from twelve villages around Bagjata mining area and analysed for U(nat), 226Ra, 230Th, 210Po, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni. Analysis of the results of the study reveals that the geometric mean of U(nat), 226Ra, 230Th and 210Po was 0.021, 0.24, 0.23 and 1.08 Bq l(-1), respectively. The ingestion dose was calculated to be 12.34 μSvY(-1) which is reflecting the natural background dose via the route of ingestion, and much below the 1 mSv limit set in the new ICRP recommendations. The excess lifetime cancer risk was estimated to be 1.72×10(-4) which is within the acceptable excess individual lifetime cancer risk value of 1×10(-4). The geometric mean of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni was 4.91, 0.29, 4.77, 0.56 and 0.48 mgl(-1), respectively; whereas the daily intake was computed to be 0.44, 0.03, 0.43, 0.05 and 0.04 mg/day, respectively. Pb was not detected in any of the samples. The hazard quotient revealed that the intake of the heavy metals through the ingestion of milk does not pose any apparent threat to the local people as none of the HQ of the heavy metals exceeds the limit of 1.