Human health risk and ecological risk assessment of metals in fishes, shrimps and sediment from a tropical river

Abstract

Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr were estimated using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in sediment, water, fish and shrimp collected from the Subarnarekha River. Fish species Mystus gulio, Puntius conchonius, Labeo calbasu, Labeo rohita and Labeo bata, while the shrimp species Penaeus indicus, were used for the study. The range of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr in all the samples was found to be 0.004-0.85, 0.75-145.2, 0.03-0.41, 1.25-21.5, 12.4-109.5 and 0.22-11.36 mg kg -1 fresh, respectively. The concentrations of metals in the fish and shrimp exceed the limits of Indian and international standards for food for Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn in some samples. Higher concentrations of the metals were observed in the shrimp as compared to fish samples. The calculated daily intakes of the metals through the consumption of fish and shrimps ranged from 0.30 to 27.0 % of the corresponding tolerable limits suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The mean target hazard quotient values for the 6 metals were below 1 for all the samples; however, the maximum was more than 1 for shrimp Cu and Cr. The results indicated that the concentration of the metals in shrimps at some locations was alarming and pose an appreciable hazard risk on human health. Potential ecological risk analysis of sediment indicated that most of the sites posed moderate ecological risk with Cd posing a considerable risk at all the sites.

Evaluation of the heavy metal content in the muscle tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) reared in groundwater in Basrah province, Iraq

“…For future studies, it is imperative to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) of heavy metals through fish consumption. The EDI of metals depends on the concentrations of metals in fish tissue and the amount of fish consumed (31).…”

Assessment of the nutritional quality of fish cultured in Samdihi, an open cast coalpit at the Raniganj Coal Field areas, West Bengal, India

“…Estimated daily intake (EDI) of metals (Maurya et al, 2019) was calculated with the following formula:where C = mean heavy metal concentration in fish (µg/g) of dry weight (a conversion factor of 4.8 was used to get dry to fresh weight of fish; Rahman et al, 2012); FIR (food ingestion ratio) = daily consumption of freshwater fish (g/day) per capita (average FIR is 21 g/person/day; Dang et al, 1996; Giri & Singh, 2015); and BW = average body weight (52 kg for adults in Indian continent; Dang et al, 1996; Giri & Singh, 2015).…”

“…The daily intake of fish (DIF) is expressed in g/day/capita. The average DIF is 21 g/person/day) (Dang et al, 1996; Giri & Singh, 2015). The BW is the average body weight (52 kg) of an adult in India (Dang et al, 1996; Giri & Singh, 2015).…”

Hazard Indices and Human Health Risks Associated with Toxic Element Contaminants in Bivalve Shellfish from Niger Delta, Nigeria

“…Among the chemical contaminants are toxic elements which constitutes food safety risk because of their poor rate of metabolism, potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic ecosystems resulting from their non-biodegradable nature and long biological half-lives (Censi et al, 2006). Although some toxic elements occur naturally in the environment, anthropogenic inputs which originate from various human activities have continued to increase their concentrations (Sarkar et al, 2008;Giri et al, 2015). Also, increased coastal population, rapid urbanization, oil and gas production, artisanal petroleum refining, oil spillage, tourism development, heavy rainfall throughout, and other economic activities have created numerous environmental and ecological problems in the Niger delta coastal areas (Ukwo et al, 2019).…”