In alternate systems of medicine like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and its extracts have been traditionally prescribed for their antidepressant activity. Crude extracts and rudimentary formulations approaches are good for proof-of-concept studies; however, these formulations are fraught with problems like poor oral bioavailability and high variability between subjects. Systematic drug delivery approaches could prove effective in addressing some of these problems. In this study, we report the development of Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (HSLNs) using glycerol monostearate or beeswax as lipids. The HSLNs were evaluated for their size, surface charge, and morphology. The optimized HSLNs were tested for antidepressant activity in male Swiss albino mice. It was found that, with the optimized procedure, HSLNs of ~175 nm, carrying negative charge and nearly spherical shape, could be obtained. The in vivo test results suggested that there were marked differences in the immobility times of the test animals. Moreover, with HSLNs, it was found that at doses several times lower than the native crude extract dose, similar pharmacological effect could be obtained. These initial findings suggest that encapsulating phytopharmaceuticals into advanced delivery systems like solid lipid nanoparticles can be an effective strategy in improving their in vivo performance.
Transdermal drug delivery technology generated tremendous excitement and interest amongst major pharmaceutical companies in the 1980s and 90s. Ethosomes are the ethanolic phospholipid vesicles which are used mainly for transdermal delivery of drugs. Ethosomes have higher penetration rate through the skin as compared to liposomes hence these can be used widely in place of liposomes. Ethosomes have become an area of research interest, because of its enhanced skin permeation, improved drug delivery, increased drug entrapment efficiency etc. The purpose of writing this review on ethosomes drug delivery was to compile the focus on the various aspects of ethosomes including their mechanism of penetration, preparation, advantages, composition, characterization, application and marketed product of ethosomes. Characterizations of ethosomes include Particle size, Zeta potential, Differential Scanning Calorimertry, Entrapment efficiency, Surface tension activity measurement, Vesicle stability and Penetration Studies etc. Introduction:Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) showed promising [1] result in comparison to oral drug delivery system as it eliminates gastrointestinal interferences and first pass metabolism of the drug but the main drawback of TDDS is it encounters the barrier properties of the stratum corneum i.e. only the lipophilic drugs having molecular weight < 500 Dacan pass through it.TDDS have been developed in order to enhance the driving force of drug diffusion or increase the permeability of the skin. These approaches [2] include the use of Chinmaya Keshari Sahoo et al /International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2018,11(08): 219-226.
Bioactive compounds from Eugenia aromaticum were extracted by Soxhlet using DCM ,DCM;WATER,WATER and extracts were examined for its phytocomponents along with Clove oil. These bioactive plant compounds were screened for possible antimicrobial activities against two strains of MDR S. aureus. Antimicrobial activity of extracts using agar diffusion disc variant method. The objective of this study was to evaluate technical variants used in screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products. Thus, a varied range of natural products of plant were tested against two bacterial species,m Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and klebesella pnemonia ATCC 25922, by two variants of the agar diffusion method (well and disc), two variants of the bio autographic method (direct and indirect) and by microdilution assay. We concluded that the well-variant of the diffusion method was more sensitive than the disc-variant, it was found extract 1 ie,DCM and extract 2 i.e DCM;WATER had shown best results on antimicrobial activity ,phytocvhemical screening test are done for three extractsn invitro evalvation of antimicrobial activity was performed.
Objective: The objective of the present research was to investigate the wound-healing potency of solid lipid nano particles of Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract. Crude herbal extracts and rudimentary formulations containing herbal extracts are good for demonstrating the feasibility of the concept; however, such formulations suffer with poor oral bioavailability and variability within groups of subjects. Converting herbal extracts into novel drug delivery systems may prove effective in addressing some of these problems. Methods: In the present study an attempt was made to develop Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (HSLNs) using lipids glycerol monostearate (GMS) or beeswax. The prepared HSLNs were characterised for their size, surface charge and morphology. The optimized HSLNs were incorporated into Carbopol gel and tested for wound healing activity in male Wistar albino rats using excision wound model. Results: HSLNs of ~175 nm in size carrying negative charge were obtained with the optimised procedure using beeswax. The shape of the HSLNs was nearly spherical. The HSLNs (10 mg/ml) treated wounds healed much faster compared to raw crude extract and healing was comparable to marketed preparation. Conclusion: It is concluded that converting crude herbal extracts into SLNs can be an effective way to enhance the effectiveness of herbal extracts and their in vivo activity.
This study aims to extract the phytochemical constituents and in-vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of roots of clerodendrum Indicum. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) kuntz. Commonly known as bharangi or chingari, belongs to the family verbenaceae. The plant is expectorant, stomachic, Anti-bronchitis, Anti-nociceptive, Anti-microbial, Anti-diarrheal, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, steroid glycosides, terpenoids etc. This study has taken with the Anti-inflammatory activity and preliminary phytochemical screening on the clerodendrum indicum. In the present study, qualitative study of the phytochemicals present in the sample was determined, Anti-inflammatory activity were carried out. On the premise of the prevailing study, the outcomes eventually concluded that the ethanolic extract of clerodendrum indicum own anti inflammatory pastime. This evaluation offers an concept that the compound of the plant clerodendrum indicum may be used as lead compound for designing robust pills which may be used for remedy of diverse diseases.
Objective: Salacia oblonga Wall. is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Celastraceae. The study reports the effect of S. oblonga root extracts against clinical isolate Staphylococcus aureus Methods: Antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion method and assay for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extract. Further, the effect of S. oblonga extract determined by DNA fragmentation and respiratory dehydrogenase enzyme activity assays. Results: S. oblonga ethyl acetate root extract was evaluated for antibacterial activity towards clinical isolate S. aureus. Bacterial growth was determined in treated and control cells. Extract displayed good growth inhibition and MIC of the extract was 80 μg/ml. DNA fragmentation assay was carried out, this result has shown that treated bacterial cell has DNA damage compared to the control cell. Further, respiratory dehydrogenase enzyme activity was determined. In the treated cells, enzyme activity was low compared to the control cells. Conclusion: Salacia oblonga root extract inhibiting the growth of S. aureus by different modes of action.
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