Ethosomes: A Novel Approach For Transdermal Drug Delivery

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery technology generated tremendous excitement and interest amongst major pharmaceutical companies in the 1980s and 90s. Ethosomes are the ethanolic phospholipid vesicles which are used mainly for transdermal delivery of drugs. Ethosomes have higher penetration rate through the skin as compared to liposomes hence these can be used widely in place of liposomes. Ethosomes have become an area of research interest, because of its enhanced skin permeation, improved drug delivery, increased drug entrapment efficiency etc. The purpose of writing this review on ethosomes drug delivery was to compile the focus on the various aspects of ethosomes including their mechanism of penetration, preparation, advantages, composition, characterization, application and marketed product of ethosomes. Characterizations of ethosomes include Particle size, Zeta potential, Differential Scanning Calorimertry, Entrapment efficiency, Surface tension activity measurement, Vesicle stability and Penetration Studies etc. Introduction:Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) showed promising [1] result in comparison to oral drug delivery system as it eliminates gastrointestinal interferences and first pass metabolism of the drug but the main drawback of TDDS is it encounters the barrier properties of the stratum corneum i.e. only the lipophilic drugs having molecular weight < 500 Dacan pass through it.TDDS have been developed in order to enhance the driving force of drug diffusion or increase the permeability of the skin. These approaches [2] include the use of Chinmaya Keshari Sahoo et al /International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2018,11(08): 219-226.

Development, in-vitro characterization and ex-vivo permeation study of metronidazole loaded mucoadhesive ethosomal gel for the local treatment of oral cavity infection

“…Propylene glycol was added to water. This mixture was heated to 30 0 C in a separate vessel and was added to the former mixture drop wise in the centre of the vessel, while stirring 10 . The mixture was kept for stirring for 30 mins at 700 rpm in a covered vessel .the ethosomal suspension was subjected to probe sonicator to reduce the vesicle size .finally the formulation was stored under refrigeration.…”

Nanosystems in Cosmetic Products: A Brief Overview of Functional, Market, Regulatory and Safety Concerns

“…Nonetheless, they can also be employed for cosmetic purposes [72]. Some marketed products are also based on ethosomes [73][74][75][76]. However, nanosystems can act as permeation enhancers for loaded active ingredients, via multiple indirect mechanisms, although intact nanosystems are unable to permeate.…”

“…Nonetheless, they can also be employed for cosmetic purposes [ 72 ]. Some marketed products are also based on ethosomes [ 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ].…”

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“…Deeper penetration and enhanced permeation to the skin layers have been reported to be attributed to the presence of phospholipid and high concentration of ethanol. Ethosomes have shown extensively higher drug transdermal flux in comparison to liposomes and 24-fold higher in-vitro skin permeation when compared with aqueous drug solution 3,4 .…”

“…The receptor compartment was filled with phosphate buffer pH 7.4, kept at constant temperature of 37 ± 5 ºC and stirred using magnetic stirrer. At appropriate intervals (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 to 12 h), 1 ml of sample was withdrawn from receptor medium and immediately equal volume of fresh receptor solution was added to maintain sink condition of receptor medium. Periodically samples were collected and analyzed by UV spectrophotometer (Shimadzu-1800, Japan) at 282 nm using phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as blank.…”