In alternate systems of medicine like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and its extracts have been traditionally prescribed for their antidepressant activity. Crude extracts and rudimentary formulations approaches are good for proof-of-concept studies; however, these formulations are fraught with problems like poor oral bioavailability and high variability between subjects. Systematic drug delivery approaches could prove effective in addressing some of these problems. In this study, we report the development of Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (HSLNs) using glycerol monostearate or beeswax as lipids. The HSLNs were evaluated for their size, surface charge, and morphology. The optimized HSLNs were tested for antidepressant activity in male Swiss albino mice. It was found that, with the optimized procedure, HSLNs of ~175 nm, carrying negative charge and nearly spherical shape, could be obtained. The in vivo test results suggested that there were marked differences in the immobility times of the test animals. Moreover, with HSLNs, it was found that at doses several times lower than the native crude extract dose, similar pharmacological effect could be obtained. These initial findings suggest that encapsulating phytopharmaceuticals into advanced delivery systems like solid lipid nanoparticles can be an effective strategy in improving their in vivo performance.
Transdermal drug delivery technology generated tremendous excitement and interest amongst major pharmaceutical companies in the 1980s and 90s. Ethosomes are the ethanolic phospholipid vesicles which are used mainly for transdermal delivery of drugs. Ethosomes have higher penetration rate through the skin as compared to liposomes hence these can be used widely in place of liposomes. Ethosomes have become an area of research interest, because of its enhanced skin permeation, improved drug delivery, increased drug entrapment efficiency etc. The purpose of writing this review on ethosomes drug delivery was to compile the focus on the various aspects of ethosomes including their mechanism of penetration, preparation, advantages, composition, characterization, application and marketed product of ethosomes. Characterizations of ethosomes include Particle size, Zeta potential, Differential Scanning Calorimertry, Entrapment efficiency, Surface tension activity measurement, Vesicle stability and Penetration Studies etc. Introduction:Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) showed promising [1] result in comparison to oral drug delivery system as it eliminates gastrointestinal interferences and first pass metabolism of the drug but the main drawback of TDDS is it encounters the barrier properties of the stratum corneum i.e. only the lipophilic drugs having molecular weight < 500 Dacan pass through it.TDDS have been developed in order to enhance the driving force of drug diffusion or increase the permeability of the skin. These approaches [2] include the use of Chinmaya Keshari Sahoo et al /International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2018,11(08): 219-226.
This study aims to extract the phytochemical constituents and in-vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of roots of clerodendrum Indicum. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) kuntz. Commonly known as bharangi or chingari, belongs to the family verbenaceae. The plant is expectorant, stomachic, Anti-bronchitis, Anti-nociceptive, Anti-microbial, Anti-diarrheal, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, steroid glycosides, terpenoids etc. This study has taken with the Anti-inflammatory activity and preliminary phytochemical screening on the clerodendrum indicum. In the present study, qualitative study of the phytochemicals present in the sample was determined, Anti-inflammatory activity were carried out. On the premise of the prevailing study, the outcomes eventually concluded that the ethanolic extract of clerodendrum indicum own anti inflammatory pastime. This evaluation offers an concept that the compound of the plant clerodendrum indicum may be used as lead compound for designing robust pills which may be used for remedy of diverse diseases.
Objective: Salacia oblonga Wall. is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Celastraceae. The study reports the effect of S. oblonga root extracts against clinical isolate Staphylococcus aureus Methods: Antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion method and assay for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extract. Further, the effect of S. oblonga extract determined by DNA fragmentation and respiratory dehydrogenase enzyme activity assays. Results: S. oblonga ethyl acetate root extract was evaluated for antibacterial activity towards clinical isolate S. aureus. Bacterial growth was determined in treated and control cells. Extract displayed good growth inhibition and MIC of the extract was 80 μg/ml. DNA fragmentation assay was carried out, this result has shown that treated bacterial cell has DNA damage compared to the control cell. Further, respiratory dehydrogenase enzyme activity was determined. In the treated cells, enzyme activity was low compared to the control cells. Conclusion: Salacia oblonga root extract inhibiting the growth of S. aureus by different modes of action.
Bioactive compounds from Eugenia aromaticum were extracted by Soxhlet using DCM ,DCM;WATER,WATER and extracts were examined for its phytocomponents along with Clove oil. These bioactive plant compounds were screened for possible antimicrobial activities against two strains of MDR S. aureus. Antimicrobial activity of extracts using agar diffusion disc variant method. The objective of this study was to evaluate technical variants used in screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products. Thus, a varied range of natural products of plant were tested against two bacterial species,m Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and klebesella pnemonia ATCC 25922, by two variants of the agar diffusion method (well and disc), two variants of the bio autographic method (direct and indirect) and by microdilution assay. We concluded that the well-variant of the diffusion method was more sensitive than the disc-variant, it was found extract 1 ie,DCM and extract 2 i.e DCM;WATER had shown best results on antimicrobial activity ,phytocvhemical screening test are done for three extractsn invitro evalvation of antimicrobial activity was performed.
Glycine max is an edible oil seed and commonly known as Soybean. In this study, we report green, inexpensive method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using of Glycine max seeds aqueous extract. Synthesized SNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Zeta Potential. Formation of Silver Nanoparticles from Glycine max Aqueous Extract (SNGMAE), indicated by appearance of dark brown color. UV depicted peak at 440nm, FTIR showed various functional groups present in plant extract capping in Silver Nanoparticles. Nanoparticle range of SNGMAE was identified by SEM and XRD, while stability was confirmed by Zeta Potential. Different constituents of aqueous extract viz., proteins, phytosterols, phospholipids, oils and carbohydrates are involved in the formation of SNPs. Synthesized SNGMAE was reconnoitered for antiepileptic activity in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and maximal electroshock induced epileptic (MESE) models, phenytoin (25mg/kg) was used as standard anti-epileptic drug. In negative control group of PTZ, all five stages of convulsions were observed, which were significantly reduced with phenytoin and with SNGMAE at 80 and 160mg/kg. MESE was characterized by appearance of flexion, extensor and clonus. In negative control group, these stages appeared for longer duration; these were decreased significantly in the treatment groups. In conclusion, these results show that SNGMAE may be a potent source of nanomedicine for the treatment of epilepsy.
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