The clinical efficiency of the an bio c is determined by its distribu on in organs and ssues, the ability to penetrate the physiological and pathological barriers of the body. The ar cle presents the results from a study of the intake, distribu on, and excre on of doxycycline hyclate -the ac ve substance of the an bio c pollodoxin from the body of broiler chickens (the Cobb-500 cross) with ornithobacteriosis.It has been established that 24 hours a er the pollodoxin solu on applica on in broiler chickens with ornithobacteriosis, the highest content of its ac ve substance (doxycycline hyclate) was found in the lungs, liver, slightly less -in the kidneys, and least -in the heart and pectoral muscles. A er 48 and 72 hours, the content of doxycycline hyclate increases in the liver, kidneys, heart, and pectoral muscles compared to 24 hours, while in the lungs decreases slightly a er 48 hours and does not differ from it a er 72 hours. At 96 hours, the content of doxycycline hyclate in the kidneys, lungs, and pectoral muscles reaches maximum values; in the liver it is smaller than the previous one (72 hours), while in the heart it does not differ from it. Doxycycline hyclate does not show cumula ve proper es and "organ affilia on" during 96 hours of entry into the body of broiler chickens with ornithobacteriosis. A er 24 hours of discon nua on of pollodoxin use (120 hours of the experiment), the content of doxycycline hyclate
Nowadays ornithobacteriosis is widespread among industrial poultry in Ukraine and the world. The disease leads to significant economic losses. The large variation in the serotypes of the bacteria complicates the treatment of the disease. The study of microscopic changes that occur in organs during ornithobacteriosis will help to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease development. Ornithobacteriosis was diagnosed in clinically sick broiler chickens by bacteriological studies using Maldi Tof mass-spectrometry. As a result of the antibiotic sensitivity test, the pathogen was found to be sensitive to doxycycline, tilmicosin, rifampicin, cefazolin, amoxiclav and benzylpenicillin. Histological studies of internal organs – trachea, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and spleen – were carried out. It was found that with spontaneous ornithobacteriosis of broiler chickens, the most expressive microscopic changes occur in the respiratory organs – the lungs and trachea and are characterized by a decrease in the lumen of the parabronchials due to edema of their walls and infiltration with lymphocytes, the absence of epithelium on the surface of the parabronchials, narrowing of the air capillaries of the parabronchial complexes, hemorrhages in the parenchyma of the parabronchial complexes, vasodilatation of the lung vessels and overflow of their blood vessels with blood cells, edema around the epithelium trachea, destruction of part of the tracheal mucosa epithelial cells, edema of its submucosa, expansion and overflow of blood vessels of the mucous membrane with blood cells. In the spleen there was a uniform diffuse edema of the parenchyma and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymphoid follicles; in the kidneys – expansion and overflow of the stroma blood vessels, uneven edema of the glomeruli of one part of the renal corpuscles and destruction of the glomeruli of another, granular degeneration of the convoluted and straight tubules of the kidneys; in the liver – edema, hemorrhage, violation of the hepatic lobules’ structure, expansion of the hepatic veins, granular degeneration of hepatocytes or their destruction; in the heart – edema of the myocardial interstitium, muscle fibers’ granular dystrophy, fragmentation of muscle fibers as a result of their rupture. Histological research of ORT infected chickens will lead to a better understanding the mechanism of pathological changes at the microscopic level, which will facilitate the development of more effective methods of treatment and prevention of the disease.
The article presents the results of studies of the eff ect of the drug “Poledoxin”, which belongs to the group of tetracyclines and the drug “Tilmox 25%”, belonging to the group of macrolides, on some morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of Coobb-500 broiler chickens. It has been established that the use of the preparations “Poledoxin” and “Tilmox 25 %” for healthy broiler chickens according to the scheme recommended for treating birds with ornithobacteriosis and infections complicated by the causative agent of ornithobacteriosis does not cause changes in the clinical condition and behavioral reactions of the bird. A blood test found that under the infl uence of the drug “Poledoxin”, the number of red blood cells in the blood of broiler chickens increased by 4–59 % (p< 0,01) in chickens which used the drug “Tilmox 25 %” – by 5–46 % relative to control. The hematocrit value was less than the control indicator by 8 % in chickens that were treated with Poledoxin after 6 days of experiment (p< 0,05) in chickens that were used with tilmox 25 % – by 10 % (p< 0,05) through 6 and 9 days of experience. The hemoglobin content in the blood of poultry of the studied groups one day after drinking antibiotic solutions was less than the control by 7 and 8 %, respectively (p< 0,05, p< 0,01), and after 4 days – by 11 and 10 % (p< 0,01). Under the infl uence of Pledoxin, the volume of 1 erythrocyte (MCV, μm 3) in the blood of chickens was less than the control by 23–39 % (p< 0,05, p< 0,01), and when exposed to tilmox 25% – by 16–35 % (p< 0,01). The hemoglobin content in 1 erythrocyte (MCH, pg) was 62–83 % of the control index when exposed to Poledoxin (p< 0,01) and 69–86 % when exposed to tylmox 25 % (p< 0,01). The number of leukocytes in the blood of a bird under the infl uence of “Poledoxin” decreased by 8 % after a day (p< 0,01), and increased by 6 and 7 % after 3 and 4 days (p< 0,01). A decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood of chickens of both research groups by 5–11 % (p< 0,001, p< 0,01) was established after 8 and 9 days. Key words: Poledoxin, Tilmox 25 %, broiler chickens, red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells.
The results of studies of the effect of the drug "Poledoxin", belonging to the group of tetracycline and the drug "Tilmox 25%", belonging to the group of macrolides, on the biochemical parameters of the serum of broiler chickens cross "Cobb-500". It was found that the drugs "Poledoxin" and "Tilmox 25%", which were used in clinically healthy broiler chickens according to the scheme recommended for the treatment of birds with ornithobacteriosis and mixed infections, had a threshold effect on their body, without changes in clinical and behavioral status and reactions of birds. A study of the protein spectrum of poultry serum showed that under the influence of "Poledoxin" and "Tilmox 25%", develop hypoproteinemia due to a decrease in albumin levels by 10-53% (P≤0.05). In the serum of chickens of the first and second experimental groups, an increase in uric acid content by 11 and 8%, respectively (P≤0.05) was found 2 days after the use of antibiotics, and the maximum value exceeded the control by 21% (P≤0,05), is established in 3 days after the termination of their application. The content of creatinine in the serum of chickens fed antibiotic solutions increased, and after three days was higher than the birds of the control group by 6% (P≤ 0.05). 3 days after discontinuation of "Poledoxin", the content of creatinine in the serum of chickens of the first experimental group was higher than the control rate by 15%; and in second, which used "Tilmox 25%" – by 14% (P≤0.05). The study of mineral metabolism revealed a decrease in the content of inorganic phosphorus in the serum of poultry of the first experimental group by 10-19% (P≤0.05), the second – only a tendency to decrease.
The article presents the results of studies of the intake (oral administration), distribution and excretion of Tilmicosin Phosphate (active ingredient of the Tilmox 25%) from the body of healthy broiler chickens of the KOBB-500 cross. The rapid absorption of Tilmicosin Phosphate from the alimentary tract of the birds and its entry into the internal organs was established. The maximum content of Tilmicosin Phosphate was found in the lungs and liver. Only in 2 hours after the beginning of the Tilmox 25% solution application, which was 17.02 ± 0.24 and 12.78 ± 0.22 μg / g, its content in the kidneys after 26 hours was 8 25 ± 0.19 μg / g, pectoral and cardiac muscles after 52 hours - 6.19 ± 0.28 and 5.23 ± 0.39 μg / g, respectively. Consumption of Tilmox 25% solution by a healthy bird was not accompanied by the accumulation of Tilmicosin Phosphate (material accumulation), since its content in the internal organs and muscles of the bird did not depend on the duration of the drug use. During 96 hours of Tilmox 25% solution consumption by broiler chickens the maximum content of Tilmicosin Phosphate was detected in the lungs, which indicates its tissue tropism. The distribution of Tilmicosin Phosphate in maximum amounts to the lungs ("organ affinity" or "tissue tropism") is important when infectious agents are localization in the lungs of poultry, as well as for the treatment of patients with respiratory diseases of various etiology. The cessation of the use of Tilmox 25% was accompanied by a significant decrease in the content of its active substance, Tilmicosin Phosphate, in the organs under study. Twenty-four hours after the cessation of consumption the tilmox solution (120 hours of the experiment), the content of Tilmicosin Phosphate in the lungs was 1.9 times less, liver – 1.6 times, kidneys – 1.4 times, pectoral muscle - 1.7 times, cardiac muscle – 1.3 times less, compared with indicators on 96 hours of experiment. Five days after the cessation of feeding the tilmox solution to broiler chickens (216 hours of the experiment), the residual amounts of Tilmicosin Phosphate in the organs under study were: in the lungs – 1.20 ± 0.03 μg / g; liver – 1.01 ± 0.02; kidneys - 0.91 ± 0.03 μg / g. The lowest content of Tilmicosin Phosphate, during this period of research, was only in one of the three samples of the heart muscle – 0.02 μg / g, and it was not detected in the pectoral muscle. Key words: Tilmox 25 %, organs, distribution, accumulation, excretion, pharmacokinetics.
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