Improvement of the energy conversion processes efficiency helps to achieve a
more reliable energy supply, a cleaner environment, more competitive
businesses, and higher living standard. Industry data indicate significant
potential for improving the efficiency of steam systems and minimizing their
operating costs by implementing various measures. The present work is a
result of a systematic approach for energy performance analysis and
identification of opportunities for optimizing the steam-condensate system
of the combined heat and power plant ESM Energetika, Skopje, R. N.
Macedonia. The boiler plants provide superheated steam used in a hot-water
station for the district heating system, for electricity generation, and as
process steam for industrial customers. As the main operating costs of the
plant stem from the natural gas consumption, the implementation of a set of
energy efficiency measures will lead to its reduction, accompanied by less
environmental impact. As a result of the system analysis, a number of energy
efficiency measures have been identified. For each measure, the impact on
individual parts of the system, as well as on the system as a whole, is
evaluated using the Steam System Modeler Tool. This paper elaborates some of
the identified measures that are considered more reliable from an
operational and financial aspect, mainly focused on steam production for the
district heating system. Based on a conservative approach, significant
potential for savings of natural gas, electrical energy, and treated water
is estimated, which will lead to annual financial savings of about 245000
Euro.
Abstract. In this chapter, we introduce a novel conceptual approach to determining an optimal landfill monitoring procedure by using the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). Selecting an optimal landfill monitoring procedure is identified as a complex and multifold problem encompassing parameters related to conflicting demands. It should result in identifying possible landfill monitoring alternatives that have to comply with predefined relevant criteria and offer landfill operators a powerful tool when raised in front of the problem of selecting the most appropriate monitoring alternative for their particular landfill. A decision having to be delivered in such a multidimensional and complex environment, seeks the utilization of the MCDM theory, in particular when the problem is new and complex, existing experience is insufficient, economic implications are significant. It is justified to define an algorithm due to frequent incidence of the problem and intuition is not an option, all of which is the case for the herein defined problem: determining optimal landfill monitoring procedure.
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