The goal of the DRRC industrial research is to facilitate deployment of industrial OpenADR that is economically attractive and technologically feasible. Such OpenADR can carry out load reduction strategies using customized pre-programmed OpenADR strategies that can be activated upon receiving a DR event or price signal. It also can maximize load reduction savings while maintaining effluent quality to satisfy regulations. The goal in conducting this research is to provide policy makers, utilities, and facility management with the information necessary to design, retrofit, and operate energy efficient wastewater treatment facilities capable of participating in DR events. Decisions concerning participation in OpenADR and load management require facility operators to acquire knowledge about the magnitude, time, and duration of their energy use. This leads to one of the team's research hypotheses, that facilities participating in energy efficiency programs will be more, not less, likely to initiate OpenADR and load management actions because they will have a more complete understanding of their use. This knowledge can assist a facility in evaluating: • The potential benefits of energy efficiency and demand response. • The limitations and risks of demand response depending on facility technologies, energy-use profile, and the characteristics of the wastewater. • The types of technology installations or retrofits needed for energy efficiency and OpenADR. • The impact of different strategies for demand response events. • How specific facility equipment or systems would be controlled during a demand response event. Methods This report was compiled after extensive research on literature concerning wastewater treatment specifications, demand response strategies, and energy efficiency upgrades. The literature search included 157 sources ranging from peer-reviewed studies describing energy efficiency measures, demand response-related technologies, and equipment controls to case studies of energy efficiency and load management applications. While the literature provides relatively comprehensive information about the basic equipment and controls included in the design of the wastewater treatment facilities, little has been written about the demand response potential of the existing controls and equipment. This study reviews existing resources and describes case studies to demonstrate existing DR applications. In addition, the study gives a preliminary assessment of the state of OpenADR-readiness in wastewater treatment facilities.
Industry utilizes very complex systems, consisting of equipment and their human interface, which are organized to meet the production needs of the business. Effective and sustainable energy efficiency programs in an industrial setting require a systems approach to optimize the integrated whole while meeting primary business requirements. Companies that treat energy as a manageable resource and integrate their energy program into their management practices have an organizational context to continually seek opportunities for optimizing their energy use.The purpose of an energy management system standard is to provide guidance for industrial and commercial facilities to integrate energy efficiency into their management practices, including fine-tuning production processes and improving the energy efficiency of industrial systems. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has identified energy management as one of its top five priorities for standards development. The new ISO 50001 will establish an international framework for industrial, commercial, or institutional facilities, or entire companies, to manage their energy, including procurement and use. This standard is expected to achieve major, long-term increases in energy efficiency (20% or more) in industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities and to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide.This paper describes the impetus for the international standard, its purpose, scope and significance, and development progress to date. A comparative overview of existing energy management standards is provided, as well as a discussion of capacity-building needs for skilled individuals to assist organizations in adopting the standard. Finally, opportunities and challenges are presented for implementing ISO 50001 in emerging economies and developing countries.
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