The V protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 blocks interferon (IFN) signaling by targeting STAT1 for proteasome-mediated degradation. Here we report on the isolation of human cell lines that express the V protein and can no longer respond to IFN. A variety of viruses, particularly slow-growing wild-type viruses and vaccine candidate viruses (which are attenuated due to mutations that affect virus replication, virus spread, or ability to circumvent the IFN response), form bigger plaques and grow to titers that are increased as much as 10-to 4,000-fold in these IFN-nonresponsive cells. We discuss the practical applications of using such cells in vaccine development and manufacture, virus diagnostics and isolation of newly emerging viruses, and studies on host cell tropism and pathogenesis.
An MIS structure, in which the semiconductor is suitably doped ZnSe, exhibits switching and memory properties. The same structure also emits light in both forward and reverse bias with an emission wavelength characteristic of the impurities present. Although the operation of the device is not completely understood the switching can be attributed to a transfer of charge from deep impurities in the semiconductor to the insulating layer.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.