The Oryza sativa (rice) carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase OsZAS was described to produce zaxinone, a plant growth-promoting apocarotenoid. A zas mutant line showed reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization, but the mechanisms underlying this behavior are unknown. Here, we investigated how OsZAS and exogenous zaxinone treatment regulate mycorrhization. Micromolar exogenous supply of zaxinone rescued root growth but not the mycorrhizal defects of the zas mutant, and even reduced mycorrhization in wildtype and zas genotypes. The zas line did not display the increase in the level of strigolactones (SLs) that was observed in wild-type plants at 7 days post-inoculation with AM fungus. Moreover, exogenous treatment with the synthetic SL analog GR24 rescued the zas mutant mycorrhizal phenotype, indicating that the lower AM colonization rate of zas is caused by a deficiency in SLs at the early stages of the interaction, and indicating that during this phase OsZAS activity is required to induce SL production, possibly mediated by the Dwarf14-Like (D14L) signaling pathway. OsZAS is expressed in arbuscule-containing cells, and OsPT11prom::OsZAS transgenic lines, where OsZAS expression is driven by the OsPT11 promoter active in arbusculated cells, exhibit increased mycorrhization compared with the wild type. Overall, our results show that the genetic manipulation of OsZAS activity in planta leads to a different effect on AM symbiosis from that of exogenous zaxinone treatment, and demonstrate that OsZAS influences the extent of AM colonization, acting as a component of a regulatory network that involves SLs.

The increasing demand for water with the industrialisation of the world is becoming a major problem as there is a water shortage all over the earth. Therefore, the water problem is one of the important problems that need to be effectively solved. This paper presents the results of research on wastewater treatment of bitumen production in the Mangystau region, which after physical and chemical treatment methods is sent to natural evaporation fields. As a result of research work, a method of wastewater treatment of bitumen plant was developed, which includes two stages: distillation of water on the solar plant and ozonation in order to oxidize volatile organic matter. Distillation to obtain primary treated water of 70-75% volume was carried out at 33-37 ℃ ambient temperature and 15-30 kPa rarefaction, at the same time COD of water was reduced by 68%.

The article shows the effectiveness of the biological product "SHER" developed by "Scientific Industrial Enterprise" AltaiAgroFarm Ltd "(Kazakhstan) on a carrier in the form of screening from local wastes of limestone-shell rock in the process of cleaning soils from oil with a high paraffin content. The results of NGS-sequencing of the consortium of microorganism as part of the probiotic biological product "SHER" established a microbiome of the following type: at the class level 96.15% of all representatives of the consortium were identified as Bacilli, of which 95.69% of bacteria at the order level were identified as Lactobacillales. A method has been developed for immobilizing bacteria of the biological product "SHER" on a carrier in the form of screening out from local waste of shell limestone. Based on the research results, it was established that the immobilization of bacteria of the biological product "SHER" by the carrier in the form of screening of limestone-shell rock showed a high degree of purification of oil-contaminated soil (88.63%). To study the further activity of bacteria, experiments were carried out on the secondary use of the residual stock solution of the biological product "SHER" used in the process of cleaning oil-contaminated soil. The results of experimental studies using residual mother liquor and immobilization by screenings showed the degree of soil purification (45.7%). X-ray spectral analysis determined the elemental composition of the cleaned soil, revealed the presence of a low content of metals: 1.42% Fe and 0.84% Al. It was found that on a carrier in the form of screening out from local wastes of limestone-shell rock, the effectiveness of the biological product "SHER" increases.

In this paper, the prevention of negative technogenic impact on the environment of oil sludge by using it as a secondary resource is considered. Oil sludge from various objects of oil fields in Kazakhstan (Mangystau region) has been studied. The possibilities of using oil (after its separation from oil sludge by bioremidiation) as a partial substitute for bitumen base in the production of modified bitumen are considered. The main physical and mechanical characteristics of modified bitumen are determined. The results confirm that the modified bitumen prepared with oil sludge and oil separated by bioremiation method meets the requirements for polymer-bitumen binder to Kazakhstan standards and is suitable for the production of modified bitumen in its physico-chemical characteristics.

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Каспийский государственный университет технологий и инжиниринга им. Ш. Есенова (КГУТИ), г. Актау, Респ. Казахстан Химико-металлургический институт им. Ж. Абишева (ХМИ), г. Караганда, Респ. Казахстан Национальный центр по комплексной переработке минерального сырья Республики Казахстан (НЦ КПМС РК), г. Алматы, Респ. Казахстан Казахский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. К.И. Сатпаева (КазНИТУ), г. Алматы, Респ. Казахстан

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Abstract. Oil pollution may arise either accidentally or operationally whenever oil is produced, transported, stored and processed or used at sea or on land. Oil spills are a major menace to the environment as they severely damage the surrounding ecosystems. To improve the survival and retention of the bioremediation agents in the contaminated sites, bacterial cells must be immobilized. This work presents the results of studies on the oil-oxidizing activity of microorganisms-oil-degraders cells free and immobilized on mineral sorbents of cells, carried out in the field at the Karazhanbas field in the Mangistau region. The highest oil destruction activity was observed in microorganisms-oil destructors immobilized on expanded clay. Keywords: Bacteria, biodegradation, crude oil, soil, immobilization.