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Di(n‐butyl) phthalates (DBP) are endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) implicated in a number of reproductive disorders in humans and rodents. Previously, we have shown that DBP effects is anti‐androgenic and causing alterations in seminiferous tubular histology and impairment of Leydig cell steroidogenesis in the avian model. However, the ultrastructural changes on the Sertoli cell remain unclear. The present study was designed to assess, morphologically, the dose‐dependent toxic effect of pre‐pubertal exposure of the plasticizer‐DBP, on the histology and ultrastructure of the Sertoli cell. DBP was administered to 10‐week old male quail birds by oral gavage, with a control group given corn oil vehicle(1mL/kg) only, while the other five experimental groups were fed (1, 10, 50, 200– and 400mg/kgbwt/d DBP(dissolved in corn oil) , for a period of 30days. Testes were fixed in Bouin's liquid or in a mixture of 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% formaldehyde for analysis under light and electron microscopes(TEM), respectively. Histologically, the basal Sertoli cell cytoplasm in high DBP dosage levels (200mg and 400mg/kgbwt/d), increasingly displayed aggregations of lipid droplets, but only a few in the apical Sertoli cell cytoplasm. In addition, there was marked vacuolations in the lining germinal epithelium. Ultrastructurally, there were notable, dose‐dependent changes seen in the Sertoli cell in DBP‐treated birds, with low dosage groups displaying no obvious structural changes, while the DBP high‐dose resulted in a remarkable accumulation of numerous, scattered or usually, closely packed lipid droplets, found predominantly in the basal part of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. In addition, there were several mis‐shaped or swollen mitochondria with electron lucent areas, indicative of early cellular degeneration. These degenerating mitochondria were characterized by swelling and deformation of the tubular cristae, resulting in a “moth‐eaten” appearance. These findings showed that high dose of DBP (200 and 400mg/kgbwt/d) administered daily for 30days significantly resulted in degenerative characteristics, such as the increase in lipid droplets, intra‐epithelial vacuolations and mitochondrial damage in the Sertoli cell. Thus, this study has provided a clear evidence that alterations in Sertoli cell morphology and function were involved in spermatogenic failure induced by DBP, in this specie.Support or Funding InformationThe research was supported by Ahmadu Bello University Board of Research and grants from the South African Veterinary/Novartis Wildlife Foundation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

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Fat accumulation in the body has been implicated in the increased generation of ROS and oxidative stress which enhances hepatocellular damage. Increase in serum liver enzymes have been widely used as an index of liver dysfunction and that higher ALT concentrations predicted development of type 2 diabetes. Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into six groups, each of five animals: Group 1 = control (C), Group 2 = cholesterol diet (CD) only, Group 3 = resveratrol 200 mg/kg (R200), Group 4 = resveratrol 400 mg/kg (R400), Group 5 = CD + R200 and group 6 = CD + R400. The preparations were administered for 8 weeks of experimental protocol. Blood glucose level was measured on week zero and the 8th week of the treatment. At the end of the study period, the rabbits were placed under light anesthesia (ketamine) to remain unconscious. Blood sample of about 3ml was drawn via cardiac puncture for serum extraction which were evaluated for serum concentration of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase ALT, aspartate aminotransferase AST and alkaline phosphatase ALP) and oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT and glutathione peroxidase GPx). Blood glucose level was significantly higher in CD group compared to groups that received resveratrol supplement. Serum Liver enzymes activities showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in ALT, AST and ALP levels in groups that were administered resveratrol with CD compared with CD alone. Significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, CAT and GPx) in resveratrol treated groups (P < 0.05) were recorded when compared to CD alone group. In conclusion, the observed decreased in blood glucose level, liver enzymes and biomarkers of oxidative stress with resveratrol administration despite CD consumptions, elucidated the therapeutic potential of resveratrol.Support or Funding Information1. SelfThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author AJ designed the study, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author YT managed the literature searches, analyses of the study performed the spectroscopy analysis and author JOA managed the experimental process and author AA identified the species of plant. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.