The present investigation was carried out in the farm of Agriculture Research Center , Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University to study the effect of some weather factors on the population density of per certain insect pests infesting grapevine trees and their associated predators during the successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Mansoura district. The obtained results revealed that four peaks for Retithrips syriacus Manget season were recorded during the period of study. The highest number for this insect was recorded in the second week of August in the two seasons of study. There were four peaks per season for Empoasca lybica deBerg during the period of investigation. The highest number of E. lybica was recorded in the first and third week of June during the two seasons of study. The obtained results showed that four peaks for Empoasca discipiens Paoli were recorded during the period of study. the highest number for this insect was recorded in the third week of July and in the third week of August during the first and second season of study. Data recorded three peaks for Lobisia botrana Schift during the two seasons of study, and the highest number was recorded in the third week of June in the first season and in the first week of July in the second season of study. There were three peaks for Chryptoblabs. Gnidiella Miller in the two seasons of study the highest number was recorded in the third week of Jun in the two season of study , The obtained result assured that three peaks for Cydonia vicina nilotica Muls in the two seasons of study. The highest number for this insect was recorded in the second week of May in the first season 2014 and in the first week of August in the second season of study. The obtained results revealed that there were four peaks for Coccinella undecimpunctata in the two seasons of study,and the highest number for this insect was recorded in the second week of May in the first season and in the third week of August in the second season of study. There were three peaks for Cydonia vicina isis in the two seasons of study. The highest number for this insect was recorded in the third week of Jun in the first season and in the first week of August in the second season of study. The obtained result assured that the temperature (maximum, minimum and average) positively affected on the population density of the most main insect species except C. gnidiella during the two seasons of study. The relative humidity affected negatively on the population density of these insects .the statistical correlation coefficient between the population density of predatory insects and the temperature and relative humidity showed a highly or slightly significant positive or negatively effect on population density of these insects during the two seasons of study.
Forty children with coeliac disease were subjected to HLA-A and B antigens typing using the two-way lymphocytotoxicity technique. An increase in the frequency of HLA-B8 and B12 was found in patients as compared to the control group. Family studies conducted in 4 selected families have indicated that four out of five siblings who inherited the HLA-B8 antigen from their parents have contracted coeliac disease. In one of the families both siblings had HLA-B8 but only one of them contracted coeliac disease. It is suggested that the association of coeliac disease with HLA-antigen could be multifactorial, i.e. the disease could be attributed to the presence of more than one antigen.
The frequencies of HLA‐A and ‐B locus antigens in a group of 64 individuals from Iraq are reported. The frequencies are in broad agreement with those previously reported for Arabs, but show differences from Persian frequencies.
The HLA system is deeply involved in susceptibility to a variety of diseases. Relationships between HLA and diseases are of considerable interest and importance, as they provide new tools for studying the inheritance, classification, and pathogenesis of these diseases. Studies on the distribution of HLA antigens in different populations have revealed the existence of racial variation and are therefore a prerequisite for studying HLA and disease associations in different racial groups. This study reviews six articles concerning HLA and disease in the Iraqi population. A comparison of these associations and an analysis of overall antigen frequencies among other Arab population and different ethnic groups are included. Some of our HLA-disease associations confirm other studies reported in these racial groups, while other diseases showed different HLA antigen associations from those recorded in other racial groups.
The study aimed to investigate the effect of different densities of M.persicae and T. tabaci on the predatory ability of the predator O. albidipennis and determine the preference for one of the two prey, in addition to assessing the in vitro predator's efficiency in reducing the number of aphids on the carrot plant. The results indicated that the rates of predated adult and nymph thrips were significantly higher than that of predated aphids. The highest rate of predation for nymphs and adults thrips was 33.2 and 25 preys per day, respectively, at a density of 60prey/container, while the highest rate of predation of adults and nymphs of aphids was 19 and 13.2prey/day, respectively, at a density of 60prey/container. The food preference experiment showed that the adults of the predator O. albidipennis feed on the immature stages thrips and aphids when introduced together and have no clear preference for one of the prey. The results of evaluating the efficiency of predator adults on reducing different densities of aphids showed that the predator was effectively able to reduce the population increase of aphids when the insect densities were 10, 20 or 30 insect. however, the predator was not effective when introduced to aphids at starting density of 40, no significant difference was found due to predator presence or absence as the aphids population density were 118.4 and 135.2 insects/cage after four days, respectively.
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