Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) is one of the important pests of coconut tree. One of eco-friendly control applied for this pest is by using entomopathogenic fungi
Six isolates of Rhizoctonia solani, i.e. two isolates collected from infected rice plants and four isolates from laboratory collection were studied by using morphological characters and molecular analysis. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendogram constructed based on cluster analysis showed that these isolates were grouped into three clusters at the 0.77 similarity coefficient. Cluster I consisted of BA, BNJ, and NBR isolates with 100% similarity and indicated that those were from AG 1 IA sub group, cluster II consisted of BND, and cluster III consisted of SL1 and SL2. Mycelium was very light brown or whitish with few and moderate sclerotia except SL1 and SL2. Molecular characterization showed that BA, BNJ, and NBR were amplified at 140 bp using Rs1F/Rs2R specific primer for R. solani AG1 IA. All isolates were amplified between 350−400 bp using Rhsp1 primer, meanwhile SL1 and SL2 were not amplified using AG2sp and AG22sp2 primers. Based on Maximum Likelihood tree analysis showed that SL1 and SL2 had high similarity based on ITS sequence data.
The use of salicylic acid as a resistance inducer agent in several plant species was well known. Salicylic acid has been believed to play an important role in inducing drought resistance. The use of salicylic acid and dryness in onion (Allium cepa L.) has never been studied. The present study aimed to ascertain how limited water supply and salicylic acid (SA) interact with onion (Allium cepa L. ) yield and component yield traits. A completely randomized design (CRD) and two-factor treatment with three replications were employed in the investigation. Drought was the first factor (FC1(field capacity), FC2 ( at 60% field capacity), FC3 (at 20% field capacity). The concentration of salicylic acid (SA) was the second component (0 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM). The following parameters were measured: relative water content (RWC), water use efficiency (WUE), plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, root length, chlorophyll content index (CCI), proline, bulb weight (bw), strawweight (w), bulb diameter, bulb production (bp), harvest index (hi), and bulb diameter. The results showed that tillers increased (7.0 to 10.0) as SA concentration increased at three levels of dryness. However, plant height (40.6 to 30.0cm) and the number of leaves (24.3 to 16.0) decreased as drought increased. Dryness in bulb weight, strawweight, bulb diameter, and bulb production could not be alleviated by the SA concentration. Salicylic acid 1 mM has been able to overcome drought up to 20% of field capacity as indicated by plant height and leaf area but was unable to prevent drought on bulb weight and tuber diameter. Thus, the concentration of salicylic acid given would help to overcome drought (water deficit) in shallot plants.
Biodiversity has been defined as the range of significantly different types of organisms and their relative abundance in an assemblage of community. The aim of this research was to understand about soil bacterial community after on biological control agents (BCA) treatments with various formulations. This research was conducted at Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta and Faculty Agriculture of Universitas Gadjah Mada. The research conducted with culture dependent and culture independent methods to assess soil bacterial diversity. The results showed that soil bacterial diversity before and after treatment of biological control agent were different. Results from this research suggested different molecular methods regarding soil bacterial diversity based on their benefits and challenges.
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