About 60% of the territory of the Russian Federation is covered by permafrost. Additionally, a large share of the country’s mineral and hydrocarbon deposits are located in the Arctic. Climate change that has been happening over the past few decades has had a serious impact on the conditions in which permafrost soils are found. Changes in temperatures in permafrost regions, along with the human impact from mining and processing, have led to an increase in accidents caused by the degradation of permafrost foundations. In this situation, timely detection of the degradation of permafrost foundations plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safe operation of buildings and structures. This article contains a theoretical review and describes the results of an experimental study of whether it is possible to use acoustic testing in solving problems associated with monitoring the state of permafrost foundations. In the course of the study, the relationships between the acoustic characteristics and the deformation and strength characteristics of permafrost soils were analysed. The results of the study made it possible to draw a preliminary conclusion that acoustic testing can be used to solve problems associated with condition monitoring of permafrost foundations.
A great part of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in the zone of permafrost soils. Safe operation management of buildings and structures, in permafrost conditions, requires geotechnical monitoring of subgrade soils. The increase in air temperature recorded during numerous monitoring leads to the degradation of permafrost soils. Therefore, the problem of conducting geotechnical monitoring becomes more urgent than ever. This paper analyzes the existing methods and systems for geotechnical monitoring of permafrost soils. The authors reveal the drawbacks of the applied methods and the reasons that do not allow assessing the state of frozen soils with sufficient accuracy. In order to solve these problems, it is proposed to use an active acoustic method of non-destructive testing and create a system that combines an engineering-geological method determining the deformation properties of frozen soils and active acoustic method.
The locations of mining and processing enterprises in the areas of permafrost distribution are associated with monitoring the state of the ice-ground massif. The monitoring problem is exacerbated by climate change trends, and the reduction of suitable for the existence of permafrost zones. The increase in the number of emergencies associated with the degradation of permafrost soils in the regions of the Republic of Sakha and the Norilsk industrial region are direct evidence of this problem. The main consequences of thawing soils are uneven troughs of subsidence of foundations, frosty swelling, and waterlogging. The article considers the possibility of using the ultrasonic monitoring method in order to monitor the state of permafrost soils, along with existing monitoring methods. Existing methods for monitoring the state of permafrost soils are considered. The results of experimental studies of changes in the velocity of propagation of an ultrasonic wave during the thawing of various permafrost soils, humidity and particle size distribution are presented. It has been proved experimentally that the sensitivity of the speed of propagation of an ultrasonic wave to a change in temperature in frozen soil samples. When the soil passes from a frozen state to a plastic-frozen state, there occurs a sharp drop in the speed of the ultrasonic propagation.
Much of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in the permafrost soil area. The developed hydrocarbon deposits make a significant contribution to the budget of the Russian Federation. Therefore, ensuring trouble-free operation of engineering structures and these fields is the most crucial task. Frozen soil deformation leads to violations in the operation of structures, which entail economic harm and significant environmental problems. This article provides a brief overview of the leading causes of deformations of engineering structures built on permafrost soils. The methods currently used to stabilize the frozen soil deformation are considered, and the directions for solving this problem are proposed.
According to the data of monitoring observations of atmospheric air temperature, in the areas of permafrost distribution, the trend of temperature growth is stable. Due to the increase in atmospheric air temperature, the temperature of permafrost soils increases. As a result of changes in the temperature regime, the degradation of permafrost soils occurs. These changes lead to disruption of the operation of buildings and engineering structures. In this situation, geotechnical monitoring plays a special role. Currently, temperature, geodesic and hydrogeological methods are mainly used to solve the problems of geotechnical monitoring. The increase in the number of emergencies associated with thawing of soils indicates that the applied methods of geotechnical monitoring do not give the proper result. In this paper, we consider the possibility of using a temporary type of acoustic control to solve geotechnical monitoring problems. The paper presents a brief analysis of the currently used methods of geotechnical monitoring. The research tasks that need to be solved to assess the possibility of using a temporary type of acoustic control to solve geotechnical monitoring problems are set. Data are given of experimental studies of changes in dynamic modulus model of frozen soils during thawing, defined by equations of the relationship of the kinematic characteristics of elastic waves and elastic properties of soils.
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