A great part of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in the zone of permafrost soils. Safe operation management of buildings and structures, in permafrost conditions, requires geotechnical monitoring of subgrade soils. The increase in air temperature recorded during numerous monitoring leads to the degradation of permafrost soils. Therefore, the problem of conducting geotechnical monitoring becomes more urgent than ever. This paper analyzes the existing methods and systems for geotechnical monitoring of permafrost soils. The authors reveal the drawbacks of the applied methods and the reasons that do not allow assessing the state of frozen soils with sufficient accuracy. In order to solve these problems, it is proposed to use an active acoustic method of non-destructive testing and create a system that combines an engineering-geological method determining the deformation properties of frozen soils and active acoustic method.
According to the data of monitoring observations of atmospheric air temperature, in the areas of permafrost distribution, the trend of temperature growth is stable. Due to the increase in atmospheric air temperature, the temperature of permafrost soils increases. As a result of changes in the temperature regime, the degradation of permafrost soils occurs. These changes lead to disruption of the operation of buildings and engineering structures. In this situation, geotechnical monitoring plays a special role. Currently, temperature, geodesic and hydrogeological methods are mainly used to solve the problems of geotechnical monitoring. The increase in the number of emergencies associated with thawing of soils indicates that the applied methods of geotechnical monitoring do not give the proper result. In this paper, we consider the possibility of using a temporary type of acoustic control to solve geotechnical monitoring problems. The paper presents a brief analysis of the currently used methods of geotechnical monitoring. The research tasks that need to be solved to assess the possibility of using a temporary type of acoustic control to solve geotechnical monitoring problems are set. Data are given of experimental studies of changes in dynamic modulus model of frozen soils during thawing, defined by equations of the relationship of the kinematic characteristics of elastic waves and elastic properties of soils.
В данной статье представлен краткий обзор методов неразрушающего контроля, применяемых при обследовании и испытании конструкций, зданий и сооружений. Рассмотрены физический смысл и область применения данных методов контроля, обоснование их выбора при выполнении обследований зд аний и сооружений. Ключевые слова: акустических контроль, дефектоскоп, метод акустической эмиссии, визуально-оптический контроль, эндоскоп, магнитные методы контроля.
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