Twenty-four men were given the task of judging whether to drive through gaps which might be larger or smaller than the car. They were also given a telephoning task of checking the accuracy of short sentences. Interference between the concurrently performed tasks was investigated. Telephoning mainly impaired judgments of 'impossible' gaps (p < .01). The control skills employed in steering through 'possible' gaps were not reliably degraded, although speed of driving was reduced (p < .01). Driving increased errors (p<.01) and prolonged response times (p < .005) on the sentence-checking task. It is concluded that telephoning has a minimal effect on the more automatized driving skills, but that perception and decision-making may be critically impaired by switching between visual and auditory inputs J The authors would like to thank the United Kingdom Ministry of Transport for providing some of the apparatus, most of Ss, and two research assistants. The General Post Office kindly provided the radiophone equipment and a technical assistant. The experimental car and financial assistance were supplied by the Medical Research Council. Thanks are also due to the Ministry of Defence (Air) for permitting part of an airfield to be used as a test track. The research was carried out uhder^the general direction of R. Conrad.

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A total of 204 observes watched usually 16 synthetic television pictures for 1 hr. The 8 pictures in the middle 2 columns of the display showed activity inside prison. The 8 pictures in the 2 side columns of the display showed activity just outside prison walls. There were 14 suspicious incidents inside prison, 7 of them serious, and 170 other movements. Just outside prison there were fl auspicious incidents, 1 of them serious, and 5,300 other movements. The observer had to press an alarm button whenever he or she saw a suspicious incident. Suspicious incidents were missed reliably more often when they were in the distance, or of brief duration. When matched for distance and duration, incidents were missed reliably less often inside prison, where there was less other activity, than just outside prison. Inside incidents were missed reliably less often when only 8 inside pictures were watched, than when 4 inside and 4 outside pictures were watched- A telephone call about 10 see before an incident reliably reduced the proportion of detections. If more than 1 picture has to be watched, the maximum desirable number is about 9 when there is a lot of movement. The maximum desirable duration for a spell of work is about 1 hr. Reducing the size of pictures from 40 × 30 cm to 20 × 1.1 cm reliably reduced the proportion of detections. Halving the distance of the observer from the small pictures from 9 to 4-5 ft still left a reliable reduction in the proportion of detections of distant incidents. Observers under 30 yr detected reliably more incidents, and made reliably fewer false detections, than observers over 45yr. When matched for age, prison officers who had previously monitored television pictures were reliably better than prison officers who had not. The experienced prison officers detected reliably more suspicious incidents inside prison than did the civilian observers.

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BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers/injuries (PU/Is) negatively affect patients by causing pain and increasing morbidity and mortality risks. Care teams have a heightened sense of awareness of the condition and may feel confident in their ability to appropriately identify and manage PU/Is, but the potential for, and consequences of, a misdiagnosis always should be considered. PURPOSE: The purpose of this compendium is to describe and illustrate conditions that may mimic PU/Is. METHODS: Advanced practice wound care nurses were asked to identify and describe conditions that may mimic PU/Is. Permission was obtained from all patients to use their cases and photos in this article. RESULTS: Sixteen (16) different skin and wound presentations resulting from vascular diseases, systemic infections, trauma, cancer, autoimmune disorders, coagulopathies, and multisystem organ dysfunction were identified and described. CONCLUSION: A complete patient history and assessment will help prevent misidentification of the etiology of a skin lesion or wound and misdiagnosis of these lesions as PU/Is.

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