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Sixty three species and 5 varieties belonging to 30 fungal genera were collected from 75 soil samples. Cultivated (29 genera and 58 species + 5 var.), desert (22 and 35 + 2 var.) and saline soil (21 and 41 + 1 var.) fungi were recovered on glucose-, cellulose- and 50% sucrose-Czapek's agar at 28℃. The most common genera were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Emericella, Fusarium, Mycosphaerella, Nectria and Penicillium. The most prevalent species from the three types of soils on the three types of media were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Nectria haematococca and Penicillium chrysogenum. Chaetomium globosum was in the top of fungi in producing endo-β-1,4-glucanases among the 42 tested isolates obtained from soils on cellulose-Czapek's agar. Maximum production of this enzyme by C. globosum obtained after 6 days of incubation at 30℃ with culture medium containing maltose as a carbon source and ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source and pH initially adjusted to 6.

The mycoflora on the hair in 25 samples of each of goats and sheep collected from Libya was analyzed using two isolation methods at 25℃. Seventy species and 3 varieties belonging to 31 genera were collected from the two substrates. The hairs of sheep were polluted with fungi than goat, contained high total counts and number of genera and species. Two species of true dermatophytes were isolated namely Trichophyton rubrum and T. terrestre. Several keratiophilic species were isolated of which Chrysosporium indicum, C. keratinophilum and C. tropicum were the most prevalent. The commonest saprophytes in order of frequency were members of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Emericella, Alternaria and Cochliobolus.

Kocide 101 (77% cupric hydroxide) and Ridomil plus (15% metalaxyl and 35% copper oxychloride) were used in the treatment of tomato plants. The two fungicides exerted a depressive effect on the total counts and on the individual cellulose decomposing fungal species associated with the roots and shoots of tomato. When these fungicides were incorporated in the liquid culture medium specified for growth and extracellular enzyme production by some selected fungal species, there was a significant reduction in mycelial growth as well as in amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease production by the fungi tested, particularly at the higher doses (200-400 ppm). Exceptions were observed with lower doses (50 and 100 ppm) especially in case of Aspergillus flavus, Cunninghamella echinulata, Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium oxysporum grown for amylase or cellulase production.

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Spray application of the two fungicides; Amistar (25% Azoxystrobin) and Moncut (25% Flutolanil) on faba bean plants in the field exhibited an inhibitive effect on the total and individual counts of cellulose decomposing fungi associated with roots and shoots of plants. The inhibitive effect of these fungicides depended mainly on the fungicide concentration. The inhibitive effect was increased with the increase in fungicide concentration at different periods of treatment. Forty four fungal isolates representing 35 species and 2 varieties belonging to 19 genera were screened for their abilities to produce exo-β-1,4 glucanase and endo-β-1,4 glucanase enzymes. All fungal isolates tested had the ability to produce cellulase enzymes, but with variable degrees. For exo-β-1, 4 glucanase, six isolates (represent 13.7% of total isolates) showed high cellulase activity. However, twenty one isolates (47.7% of total isolates) were found to be moderate in their cellulase activity. The remaining isolates (17 isolates, represent 38.6% of total isolates) were low producers of cellulase. For endo-β-1, 4 glucanase enzyme, five isolates (represent 11.4% of total isolates) showed high cellulase activity and twenty one isolates (47.7% of total isolates) had moderate ability to produce cellulase. The remaining isolates (18 isolates, represent 40.9% of total isolates) were low producers of cellulase. When these fungicides (at 100-800 ppm) were incorporated individually into the liquid culture medium specified for growth and an extracellular cellulase production was exerted an inhibitive effect on both mycelial growth and cellulase production of Aspergillus flavus var. columnaris, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceous, Mucor hiemalis and Trichoderma harzianum.

Forty-three species and variety belonging to 15 genera were collected from 30 strawberry fruit samples on Glucose-Czapek's agar medium. Among them, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum were the most frequent species recovered from 53.3%, 70.0% and 50.0% of the samples, respectively. According to the ITS rDNA sequence, we confirmed the morphological identification result. Moreover, aflatoxin biosynthesis gene omt-A was detected in A. flavus, while Aopks gene was found in A. niger. Interestingly, we could not detect any aflatoxin or ochratoxin biosynthesis genes in the P. citrinum strain. The concentration of detected aflatoxin was 3.5 ppb produced by A. flavus, while A. niger gave 4.1 ppb as ochratoxin. A. flavus was the most pectinase producer among the selected strains, and the highest amount was obtained at 30°C after 6 days of incubation with initial medium pH 8.