Effect of Two Systemic Fungicides on Cellulose Decomposing Fungi of Tomato Plants and on Some Enzymatic Activities

Abstract

Kocide 101 (77% cupric hydroxide) and Ridomil plus (15% metalaxyl and 35% copper oxychloride) were used in the treatment of tomato plants. The two fungicides exerted a depressive effect on the total counts and on the individual cellulose decomposing fungal species associated with the roots and shoots of tomato. When these fungicides were incorporated in the liquid culture medium specified for growth and extracellular enzyme production by some selected fungal species, there was a significant reduction in mycelial growth as well as in amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease production by the fungi tested, particularly at the higher doses (200-400 ppm). Exceptions were observed with lower doses (50 and 100 ppm) especially in case of Aspergillus flavus, Cunninghamella echinulata, Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium oxysporum grown for amylase or cellulase production.

Effect of Kocide and Ridomil plus fungicides on the mycoflora of tomato plant in Upper Egypt

“…Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Cochliobolus spicifer, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium oxysporum, Gibberella fujikuroi, Nectria haematococca, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. oxalicum and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most common fungi and their counts were decreased or completely eliminated by all doses after different periods of treatment, except in some cases, the counts were not affected or increased (Tables 7 and 8). Similar findings have been reported by Abdel-Kader et al (1983), Platt (1983), Moubasher et al (1984), Nan et al (1991) and Moharram et al (2004).…”

“…Genera & species except in some cases, the counts were increased (Tables 5 and 6). The selective effect of various fungicides on these fungi was recorded by numerous researchers including DeBertoldi et al (1978), Abdel-Kader et al (1983), Moubasher et al (1984) and Moharram et al (2004).…”

“…Several investigations have been carried out on the effect of fungicides on fungi by numerous workers in the world (Abdel-Kader et al 1989;Hemida et al 1993;Tsuji et al 1997;Garciacazorla and Xirauvayreda, 1998;Grey et al 1999;Jennifer et al 2000;ElGhaouth et al 2001;Culbreath et al 2002;Moharram et al 2004). …”

Seasonal variation of air, soil and leaf surface fungi of broad bean and cellulolytic ability in Upper Egypt

“…Three and two isolates (33.0 and 22.2% of total isolates) were found to be of moderate production of C 1 and C X enzymes, respectively, while one and six isolates (11.1 and 66.6% of total isolates) were of weak cellulolytic activity. Most of the above fungal isolates were reported as cellulase producers, but with variable capabilities by several workers (Abraha and Gashe, 1992;Abdel-Hafez et al, 1995;Moharram et al, 1995Moharram et al, , 2004Berlin et al,2005;Rashid et al, 2009;Sohila et al, 2009;Saleem et al 2010Saleem et al ,2013.…”

“…Numerous investigations have been carried out on fungal flora of leaf surface, soil fungi and air borne fungi of several plants cultivated in many parts of the world by several researchers (Abdel-Hafez et al, 1990, 2003Blakeman, 1991;Khallil and Abdel-Sater, 1993;ElKholl et al, 1994;El-Said, 1994, 2001El-Said et al, 2006;El-Said and Saleem 2008;Gunasekera, 2004;Moharram et al, 2004Moharram et al, , 2010Murace and Cellitin, 2005;Saleem et al, 2010Saleem et al, , 2013.…”