Cellulose decomposing fungi and cellulase activity as affected by amistar and moncut fungicides

Abstract

Spray application of the two fungicides; Amistar (25% Azoxystrobin) and Moncut (25% Flutolanil) on faba bean plants in the field exhibited an inhibitive effect on the total and individual counts of cellulose decomposing fungi associated with roots and shoots of plants. The inhibitive effect of these fungicides depended mainly on the fungicide concentration. The inhibitive effect was increased with the increase in fungicide concentration at different periods of treatment. Forty four fungal isolates representing 35 species and 2 varieties belonging to 19 genera were screened for their abilities to produce exo-β-1,4 glucanase and endo-β-1,4 glucanase enzymes. All fungal isolates tested had the ability to produce cellulase enzymes, but with variable degrees. For exo-β-1, 4 glucanase, six isolates (represent 13.7% of total isolates) showed high cellulase activity. However, twenty one isolates (47.7% of total isolates) were found to be moderate in their cellulase activity. The remaining isolates (17 isolates, represent 38.6% of total isolates) were low producers of cellulase. For endo-β-1, 4 glucanase enzyme, five isolates (represent 11.4% of total isolates) showed high cellulase activity and twenty one isolates (47.7% of total isolates) had moderate ability to produce cellulase. The remaining isolates (18 isolates, represent 40.9% of total isolates) were low producers of cellulase. When these fungicides (at 100-800 ppm) were incorporated individually into the liquid culture medium specified for growth and an extracellular cellulase production was exerted an inhibitive effect on both mycelial growth and cellulase production of Aspergillus flavus var. columnaris, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceous, Mucor hiemalis and Trichoderma harzianum.

Fungicidal Activity of Some Metallic Ions, Fungicides and Essential Oils for Preventing Biodeterioration of Old Manuscripts

“…In contrast to Saleem et al [64] who reported that, essential oil of anise show moderate and weak inhibition effect against T. viride.…”

Integration of bioagents with antioxidants to control Powdery Mildew disease in sunflower

“…This agrees with Houssien et al (2010) who stated that a mixture of salicylic acid and Trichoderma allows access to both peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities. Oxidative enzymes mechanisms impact infected plants in two different ways; firstly, inhibiting the pathogen by suppressing its life cycle via the direct action of oxidative enzymes, and secondly, restricting the pathogen and enhancing the biocontrol action through inducing mediated phenolic compounds (Mayer, 2006;Saleem et al, 2012). This would also fit the recommendation of the fungicide resistance action committee to lessen the chances of resistance development by reducing the selection pressure on pathogens (Ons et al, 2020).…”

Seasonal variation of air, soil and leaf surface fungi of broad bean and cellulolytic ability in Upper Egypt

“…Also, 25 species and one species variety belong to 17 genera from leaf surface of broad bean on dichloranchloram-phenicol-malt extract agar (DCMA) at 28°C and the most common species were A. alternata, C. cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum. All fungal species recovered from leaf surface of broad bean on the two types of media were previously isolated but with different inciden-ces from leaf surface of several plants growing or cultiva-ted in many parts of the world (Abdel-Hafez et al, 1990AbdelSater, 1993;El-Kholl et al, 1994;Murace and Cellitin, 2005;Moharram et al, 2010;Saleem et al, 2010Saleem et al, , 2012). …”

“…Three and two isolates (33.0 and 22.2% of total isolates) were found to be of moderate production of C 1 and C X enzymes, respectively, while one and six isolates (11.1 and 66.6% of total isolates) were of weak cellulolytic activity. Most of the above fungal isolates were reported as cellulase producers, but with variable capabilities by several workers (Abraha and Gashe, 1992;Abdel-Hafez et al, 1995;Moharram et al, 1995Moharram et al, , 2004Berlin et al,2005;Rashid et al, 2009;Sohila et al, 2009;Saleem et al 2010Saleem et al ,2013.…”

“…Numerous investigations have been carried out on fungal flora of leaf surface, soil fungi and air borne fungi of several plants cultivated in many parts of the world by several researchers (Abdel-Hafez et al, 1990, 2003Blakeman, 1991;Khallil and Abdel-Sater, 1993;ElKholl et al, 1994;El-Said, 1994, 2001El-Said et al, 2006;El-Said and Saleem 2008;Gunasekera, 2004;Moharram et al, 2004Moharram et al, , 2010Murace and Cellitin, 2005;Saleem et al, 2010Saleem et al, , 2013.…”