Asthma was not associated with an increased risk of cancer. In fact, the risk of non-smoking related cancer was slightly reduced. However, we observed a small-elevated risk of lung cancer among asthmatic patients. Whether this result is a due to residual confounding and/or protopathic bias remains unclear. Further investigation is warranted to confirm or discard these associations.

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highly dysfunctional. In addition the SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T cell responses displayed an increased expression of NKG2A in comparison with bulk CD8 T cells, which may explain their dysfunctional state.Conclusions: Our data suggest that part of the ORF1ab encodes multiple CD8 T cell antigens including one immunodominant epitope. Noteworthy these epitopes were derived from a part of the viral genome that is not included in the majority of vaccine candidates in development, and this may potentially influence their clinical activity and safety profile.Legal entity responsible for the study: The authors.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized by mesenchymal – epithelial transition component and awful prognosis. In this report, based on a case of stage IV lung sarcomatoid carcinoma with an extraordinary evolution and survival over 4 years, we address unresolved questions about the treatment of this cancer. We also make a literature review about the key factors that characterize this histology and that should be considered when treating those patients. Sarcomatoid carcinoma presents with mutations as KRAS, EGFR, ALK or MET in up to 70% of cases, and an important expression of PD-L1 (also called B7-H1), which can influence treatment of those patients with new drugs as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapy has changed the horizon of patients with stage IV lung cancers without driver mutations, as their survival has improved extraordinary. Moreover, radical treatments are being considered in long survivors with oligometastatic disease. In this report, we review targeted and radical therapy, treatment duration and the mechanisms responsible of disease evolution of sarcomatoid tumors.

Kirsten Rat Sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is the most frequently altered oncogene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). KRAS mutant tumors constitute a heterogeneous group of diseases, different from other oncogene-derived tumors in terms of biology and response to treatment, which hinders the development of effective drugs against KRAS. Therefore, for decades, despite enormous efforts invested in the development of drugs aimed at inhibiting KRAS or its signaling pathways, KRAS was considered to be undruggable. Recently, the discovery of a new pocket under the effector binding switch II region of KRAS G12C has allowed the development of direct KRAS inhibitors such as sotorasib, the first FDA-approved drug targeting KRAS G12C, or adagrasib, initiating a new exciting era. However, treatment with targeted KRAS G12C inhibitors also leads to resistance, and understanding the possible mechanisms of resistance and which drugs could be useful to overcome it is key. Among others, KRAS G12C (ON) tricomplex inhibitors and different combination therapy strategies are being analyzed in clinical trials. Another area of interest is the potential role of co-mutations in treatment selection, particularly immunotherapy. The best first-line strategy remains to be determined and, due to the heterogeneity of KRAS, is likely to be based on combination therapies.

Introduction: A meningeal haemangiopericytoma (HP) is a mesenchymal tumour that makes up less than 1% of all CNS tumours. HPs arise from pericytes and present high rates of recurrence and distant metastasis. The primary treatment option is surgery. When the disease is disseminated, chemotherapy produces a weak and short-lived response; therefore, new drugs are needed. Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 65-year-old woman with a 13-year history of recurrent HP. After local treatment with radiotherapy, she developed metastases that required systemic treatment, and treatment with sunitinib, an oral inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, was initiated. As a result, radiological stabilisation of the systemic disease was maintained for over 12 months. Conclusions: Anti-angiogenic agents can be useful for treating disseminated HP, but further studies are needed to confirm their possible role in controlling metastatic disease.

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