Electrophoretic seed protein profiles, chromosome number and morphological characters of ten species of genus Cassia belonging to two subgenera; Fistula and Senna, are discussed. The phylogenetic relationships between these ten species are also evaluated, based on numerical analysis criterion. According to numerical cluster analysis method the taxa studied are splitting into two groups. Group I (belonging to subgenus Fistula) includes three Cassia spp.

The taxonomic delimitations of 61 taxa of the genus Trifolium L. belonging to presently accepted five sections, namely Lotoidea, Mistyllus, Vesicaria, Chronosemium and Trifolium are evaluated, based on numerical analysis of their electrophoretic seed protein profiles. The dendrogram, resulted from the hierarchical cluster analysis of SDS-PAGE profiles of seed proteins conform, with some restrictions, to the present splitting of the genus Trifolium into the sections but not into the subsections and series.

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Summary The insecticide cyolan was examined for the induction of mitotic and meiotic abnormalities and changes in the banding patterns of M2 seed storage protein in Vicia faba plants. The used insecticide solution had mitodepressive effect and induced a wide range of mitotic and meiotic abnormalities. On the protein level, the results for the 3 major fractions of seed storage proteins in Vicia faba, as revealed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed mutagenic effects for insecticide. In general, all treatments caused decrease in the amount of proteins. Key words Genotoxicity, Cyolan, Chromosomal aberrations, Storage proteins, Vicia faba Pesticides have been employed on a wide scale in the Egyptian agriculture. The possible mutagenic and carcinogenic natures of some of the agricultural chemicals have been suggested by many authors (Badr and Ibrahim 1987, Kumar et al. 1995, Natarajan 1996, Burroughs et a/.1996. It has been proven that Vicia faba is an excellent model for the assay of chromosomal aberrations after chemical treatments (Ma 1982). Abdelsalem et al. (1993b) used electrophoretic banding patterns of seed storage proteins for monitoring the mutagenic effects of pesticides.The present work was planned to study the mutagenic effect of the organophosphorus insecticide cyolan using Vicia faba as a biological system. Materials and methods InsecticideCyolan (phospholan), [2-(diethoxy-phosphinylimino)1,3-dithiolane] is a systemic organophosphorus insecticide, widely used for the control of a number of insects. It is a 25% emulsifiable solution produced by American Cyanamid Company and applied for control leaf worm at rate of 750 g (ED) active ingredient per ha. Cytological experimentsMitosis. Vicia faba seeds were germinated in water. After the roots were 2-3 cm long, they were placed in test solutions for 6, 12 and 24 h. Control seeds were placed in tap water. After each interval of treatment the roots were cut and fixed immediately in acetic acid-absolute ethyl alcohol (1: 3) for 24 h. The root tips were stained using the Feulgen squash technique. Six roots were examined for each concentration.Meiosis. Vicia faba plants were sprayed at the flowering stage with 3 concentrations of the insecticidal solution twice for 2 successive days. Control plants were sprayed with distilled water. Each group of plants consisted of 15 plants.Flower buds were gathered 24 h after the treatment, fixed in Carnoy's fluid and stained using the aceto-carmine smear method.Abnormalities were counted in the 1 st and 2nd meta-ana-, telophases and tetrads. Pollen mother cells (PMCs) of 6 plants at least were investigated for each treatment.

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The effect of some insulinotrophic drugs on the transport of sugar was investigated in fasted, narcotized rats by continuous perfusion of cannulated long intestinal loops with galactose solution (18 mM.) circulated by air lift. Three consecutive perfusions (fifty minutes each) were performed in each rat, the drug being given in the second perfusion only. The rate of galactose disappearance was expressed as per cent of that in the first perfusion in the same rat.Tolbutamide (50 mg./l kg. weight), glycodiazine (50 mg./l kg. weight), glisoxepid (BAY 4231, 2 mg./l kg. weight) and glibenclamide (0.25 mg./l kg. weight) were found to increase the rate of galactose disappearance in the second perfusion by 21 per cent, 5 per cent, 12 per cent and 25 per cent, respectively, and in the third perfusion by 21 per cent, 26 per cent, 32 per cent and 21 per cent, respectively, as compared to the rate in the corresponding perfusion of a control group. This increase was significant (P values < 0.05) with all drugs in the second and third perfusions with the exception of glisoxepid in the second perfusion. These results are discussed in relation to the action of insulin and the effect of diabetes on intestinal absorption of sugars. DIABETES 23: 112-16, February, 1974. In a previous work, 1 we showed that metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent of the biguanide group, markedly inhibited the transport of glucose by everted sacs of guinea pig intestine. In a later report, Kruger et al. , 2 using the same technic in rats, demonstrated a similar effect with phenformin.It seemed of interest to investigate the effect of the other group of oral hypoglycemics on the transport of sugar by the intestine. To the best of our knowledge, there were no reports in the literature concerning this point. The drugs selected for the present study were: tolbutamide (Rastinon), glycodiazine (Lycanol), glisoxepid (BAY 4231) and glibenclamide (Daonil).The present paper describes the effect of these insulinotrophic drugs on the transport of sugar by long intestinal loops continuously perfused in situ.