Reproductive traits determine the selection method in plant breeding. The benggala grass of the Hamil cultivar was thought to be apomictic; thus, a study was conducted to determine its reproduction. The research began by studying the morphological characters, continued with observing the generative phase and seed production of the cultivar planted from seeds (generative) and from pols (vegetative). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Research Institute of Animal Production. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with ten replications, and the treatments were different types of plant materials: seeds and pols. The Hamil cultivar taken from RIAP Collection was planted in pots with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 30 cm. The results showed that most of the morphological characters of the Hamil cultivar planted from seeds and from pols were not different (P >0.05), so it was presumed that they were apomictic. The difference in morphology was only in the length and width of the flag leaves and the length of the internodes, where the cultivars planted using seeds were higher. The production of seeds, pithy seed weight, and seed germination of cultivars planted using seeds were higher (P <0.05). Further research is needed to determine the apomixis properties based on cytologically Hamil cultivars. Keywords: apomixis, benggala grass, morphology, plnting material; seed
ABSTRAKCalopo (Calopogonium mucunoides) termasuk tanaman penutup tanah yang banyak digunakan di perkebunan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kualitas dengan mempelajari daya kecambah benih dengan perbedaan waktu simpan dan perbedaan tempat penyimpan benih. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium benih Agrostologi Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi-Bogor. Rancangan percobaan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan waktu penyimpanan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 dan 11 bulan pada tempat penyimpanan yang berbeda yaitu kantang kertas semen, aluminium foil dan kotak plastik. Sebanyak 1 kg benih disimpan sesuai perlakuan di dalam suhu kamar. Kualitas benih dilakukan uji daya kecambah sebanyak 150 biji dibersihkan kemudian diletakan pada petri dish yang berisi 50 biji. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan penyimpanan semakin lama benih disimpan maka kualitas benih menurun dengan daya kecambahnya semakin rendah. Benih disimpan selama 1 bulan sampai 6 bulan daya kecambahnya 75-84% kemudian penyimpanan 7-11 bulan menurun dengan daya kecambah kurang dari 58,0%. Tempat penyimpanan benih calopo terbaik pada aluminium foil kemudian dikuti dalam kantong kertas semen dan terendah pada kotak plastik.Kata kunci: kualitas benih, Calopogonium mucunoides, waktu penyimpanan, tempat simpan.
<p>Climate change is characterized by an increasing in temperature, drought, and an increase in CO2. This paper aims to propose the right strategy to deal with climate change in forage crops. Plant adaptation mechanisms include increasing water content, cell membrane stability, and photosynthetic capacity by suppressing stomata conductance and C consumption through respiration. The impacts of climate change on animal feed crops include: decreased productivity and nutrient content, and reduced planting area which affects the supply of animal feed so that food availability is disrupted. Adaptation strategies are carried out by managing the cultivation of forage plants, including selecting planting and harvesting times, as well as irrigation. Besides, it is necessary to select adaptive fodder plants through breeding. Breeding methods are conducted through the exploration of genetic resources to compile new superior forage adaptive crops to climate change. Recommendations for adaptable forage include: sorghum, <em>Brachiaria humidicola</em>, Napier grass (<em>Pennisetum purpureum</em>).</p>
ABSTRAKCentrosema pascuorum cv. Cavalcade adalah leguminosa herba, yang telah terbukti tahan kering seperti iklim di Nusa Tenggara Timur dengan 9 bulan musim kering dan 3 bulan musim hujan, yang dapat menyediaakan hijauan berkualitas tinggi terutama dalam musim kemarau. Jenis tanaman ini mempunyai kemampuan menambat N 2 atmosfer bila bersimbiose dengan bakteri tanah rhizobia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi strain Rhizobium dalam menambat N 2 atmosfer yang dibudidayakan di lapang. Uji kompetitivitas dan efektivitas dari strain rhizobia dilakukan di stasiun Percobaan Balitnak, Bogor, dengan pH tanah 5,8; bahan organik rendah, kandungan N rendah. Jenis tanaman yang digunakan adalah Centrosema pascuorum. Sebagai strain peciri digunakan strain mutan pada antibiotik rifampisin 25 ppm. Perlakuan (1) inokulasi, (2) tanpa inokulasi, (3) tanpa inokulasi dengan penambahan pupuk N, nitrogen urea dengan dosis 50 kg/ha. Pupuk dasar 100 kg TSP/ha, 100 kg KCl/ha. Parameter yang diukur, kandungan nitrogen tanaman, produksi hijauan, nodulasi dan prosentase bintil akar yang diinfeksi oleh inokulan yang diberikan (bintil akar recovery). Rancangan percobaan menggunakan adalah Rancangan Acak kelompok dengan 8 ulangan. Hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan produksi hijauan, tanaman yang dinokulasi dengan strain mutan BPT01. Produksi berat kering hijauan yang dinokulasi mencapai 963,94 kg/ha dan berbeda nyata lebih tinggi dibanding tanpa inokulasi (P<0.05), sedang yang tidak diinokulasi berkisar 589.94 -635.86,44 kg/ha. Berat segar bintil akar yang diinokulasi dengan strain mutan BPT01 adalah 19,93 g/4 tanaman, dengan jumlah bintil akar berwarna merah mencapai 63% sedang tanaman yang tidak diinokulasi 2,30 g/4 tanaman dan bintil akar berwarna merah 48%. Bintil akar recovery, dari jumlah bintil akar yang diuji 20,34% berasal dari inokulan yang diberikan. Sedang tanaman yang tidak dinokulasi, tidak ada bintil akar mengandung strain mutan BPT01. Kandungan protein kasar hijauan tanaman yang diinokulasi strain mutan BPT01, 24,06% sedang yang tidak diinokulasi 14,59%.Kata kunci: C. pascuorum, kompetitivitas, strain mutan, Rhizobium, Produksi .ABSTRACT Centrosema pascuorum cv. Cavalcade is annual leguminous herb adapted on dryland, dry climate of NTT with 9 months dry season and 3 months rainy season. This species has ability to fix atmospheric N 2 when symbiosis with soil bacteria rhizobia. The objective of this study was to evaluate strain of Rhizobium on fixing N 2 in the field. Competitiveness and effectiveness of mutant strain BPT01 was conducted in IRIAP research station, in Bogor, with soil pH tanah 5,8 low organic matter low N. Centrosema pascuorum cv. Cavalcade was used in this study. Mutant strain BPT01 of 25 ppm rifampicin was used as inoculant marker. Treatments were (1) inoculation (2) no inoculation, no added N (3) no inoculation, added N (urea, 50 kg/ ha). Basal fertilizer were 100 kg TSP/ha, 100 kg KCl/ha. Parameters measured were N total shoot, Shoot production, nodulation, percentage nodules infected by inoculants (inoc...
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