This work investigated the antibiotic resistance patterns and heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and iron (Fe) tolerance of selected bacteria isolated from contaminated soils and sediments around Warri area of Delta State. The heterotrophic bacterial counts for the sampled soils and sediments ranged from 1.7×105 cfu/g to 5.7×105cfu/g for Ubeji river sediments, 1.0×105 cfu/g to 9.0×105cfu/g for spare parts dumpsite and 1.2×104cfu/g to 9.0×104 cfu/g for Ifie depot sites respectively. The characterized bacterial isolates included; Klebsiella sp, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella mobilis and Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp. and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Bacterial isolates showed multiple drug resistance and the most resistant isolates were S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeroginosa while K. mobilis exhibited the least resistance. The tolerance of the bacterial isolates exposed to varying concentrations of Pb2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+was ascertained using agar diffusion method. All the bacterial isolates exhibited varying degree of susceptibility at different concentrations of Pb and Cd while the organisms displayed abundant and moderate growth in the presence of Fe and Zn even at higher concentrations. The ability of these bacteria to resist antibiotics and heavy metal tolerance could present serious danger to the environment as the resistance genes may be transferred to surrounding wild type microbial cells.Keywords: Heavy metals, Antibiotics resistance, tolerance, Ubeji river sediments, Warri
ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, microbiological and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition of top soil samples from Oka market waste collection site. Standard analytical and microbiological procedures were adopted. pH and electrical conductivity ranged from 6.45 to 7.39 and 230 to 940 µS/cm respectively. The highest content of organic carbon was observed in sample 2 (5.91 %), while that of sodium and potassium were 2.44 meq/ 100g (soil 2) and 0.23 meq/ 100g (soil 3) respectively. Calcium and magnesium content in the soil ranged from 2.60 to 7.72 meq/ 100g and 0.69 to 1.38 meq/ 100g respectively. The total hydrocarbon content ranged from 2.4 to 15.9mg/kg. The results of particle soil analysis revealed high content of sandy soil (88.2 to 90.7). Iron had the highest concentration among studied heavy metals, ranging from 193 to 649.2 mg/kg. Total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts were in the magnitude of 10 4 , ranging from 3.6 to 17.4 cfu/g and 2.3 to 6.9 cfu/g. Tentative bacterial isolates were Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacter sp., while fungal isolates were Aspergillus sp. Candida sp. and Penicillium spp. The highest concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon was 16.5 mg/kg, with its components ranging from 0.08 mg/kg (Dibenzo(a,h) anthracene) to 2.1 mg/kg (Benzo(k) fluoranthene). The quality of soil is as a result of all the processes that act on it, therefore, informing the public of the dangers inherent in improper management of soil environment should be considered as an important aspect of scientific research. © JASEM http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v21i1.12
The antibacterial effects of Ageratum conyzoides aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using spread plate, disc diffusion and tube dilution procedures. The antibiogram profiles of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were determined using disc diffusion method. The synergistic activity of the mixture of 200 mg/ml leaf extract concentrate and the respective antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Septrin against P. aeruginosa and S.aureus was evaluated using both spread plate and disc diffusion methods. The aqueous leaf extract elicited an inhibitory zone diameter of inhibition ranging from 6mm to 10mm for S. aureus; 7mm to 12mm for P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa and S.aureus exposed to the methanolic leaf extract displayed zones which ranged from 9mm to 15mm and 10mm to 16mmrespectively. S. aureus was resistant to all antibiotics except for Norfloxacin, Septrin and Ciprofloxacin, while P. aeruginosa was susceptible to ciprofloxacin alone. The synergism between the leaf extracts and the selected antibiotics showed greater inhibitory zones against the test isolates as against exposure to only the selected antibiotics. The results indicated the potential health benefits of the use of antibiotics in combination with decoctions from known medicinal plants. AbstractThe antibacterial effects of Ageratum conyzoides aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using spread plate, disc diffusion and tube dilution procedures. The antibiogram profiles of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were determined using disc diffusion method. The synergistic activity of the mixture of 200 mg/ml leaf extract concentrate and the respective antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Septrin against P. aeruginosa and S.aureus was evaluated using both spread plate and disc diffusion methods. The aqueous leaf extract elicited an inhibitory zone diameter of inhibition ranging from 6mm to 10mm for S. aureus; 7mm to 12mm for P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa and S.aureus exposed to the methanolic leaf extract displayed zones which ranged from 9mm to 15mm and 10mm to 16mmrespectively. S. aureus was resistant to all antibiotics except for Norfloxacin, Septrin and Ciprofloxacin, while P. aeruginosa was susceptible to ciprofloxacin alone. The synergism between the leaf extracts and the selected antibiotics showed greater inhibitory zones against the test isolates as against exposure to only the selected antibiotics. The results indicated the potential health benefits of the use of antibiotics in combination with decoctions from known medicinal plants. AbstractThe antibacterial effects of Ageratum conyzoides aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using spread plate, disc diffusion and tube dilution procedures. The antibiogram profiles of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were determined using disc diffusion method. The synergistic activity of the mixture o...
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