ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, microbiological and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition of top soil samples from Oka market waste collection site. Standard analytical and microbiological procedures were adopted. pH and electrical conductivity ranged from 6.45 to 7.39 and 230 to 940 µS/cm respectively. The highest content of organic carbon was observed in sample 2 (5.91 %), while that of sodium and potassium were 2.44 meq/ 100g (soil 2) and 0.23 meq/ 100g (soil 3) respectively. Calcium and magnesium content in the soil ranged from 2.60 to 7.72 meq/ 100g and 0.69 to 1.38 meq/ 100g respectively. The total hydrocarbon content ranged from 2.4 to 15.9mg/kg. The results of particle soil analysis revealed high content of sandy soil (88.2 to 90.7). Iron had the highest concentration among studied heavy metals, ranging from 193 to 649.2 mg/kg. Total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts were in the magnitude of 10 4 , ranging from 3.6 to 17.4 cfu/g and 2.3 to 6.9 cfu/g. Tentative bacterial isolates were Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacter sp., while fungal isolates were Aspergillus sp. Candida sp. and Penicillium spp. The highest concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon was 16.5 mg/kg, with its components ranging from 0.08 mg/kg (Dibenzo(a,h) anthracene) to 2.1 mg/kg (Benzo(k) fluoranthene). The quality of soil is as a result of all the processes that act on it, therefore, informing the public of the dangers inherent in improper management of soil environment should be considered as an important aspect of scientific research. © JASEM http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v21i1.12

No abstract

This study evaluated the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of wastewater generated from a public health facility between June and November, 2018. Standard analytical and bacteriological techniques were used to investigate the qualities of the effluent from two separate points. Antibiotic susceptibility study was carried out using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results obtained showed temperature ranged from 28.69 - 28.75  0C, pH 6.99 - 7.04, Biochemical Oxygen Demand 161.31 -164.25 mg/ml, Chemical Oxygen Demand 324.38 -327.63 mg/l, phosphate 145.15 - 146.13 mg/l, Electrical Conductivity 231.69 - 232.53 µS/cm, Settleable Solid 206.44 - 207.88 mg/l and Total Suspended Solid 79.81 -81.05  mg/l. The highest concentration of heavy metal was recorded with iron (12.79-13.11 mg/l). The total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 0.39 - 138.6 x 107 cfu/ml, Coliform counts ranged from 0.3 - 204 x 106 cfu/ml and the Staphylococcal counts ranged from 0.67 - 22 x 105 cfu/ml. The results of the antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the bacterial isolates possessed 29.21 % resistant to septrin, 5.62 % to chloramphenicol, 24.72 % to sparfloxacin, 6.74 % to ciprofloxacin, 22.47 % to augmentin, 6.74 % to gentamicin, 14.61 % to perfloxacin, 14.61 % to tarivid, 10.11 % streptomycin and 8.99 % to ampicillin. Multiple antibiotic resistance were observed in Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis and were found to be extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive.  The presence of a diverse group of multi drug-resistant bacteria in the wastewater could play a major role in the dissemination and spread of disease-causing pathogens in the environment.

No abstract

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of microorganisms isolated from smoked and frozen fishes sold in Benin and Warri metropolis were investigated. Adopting microbiological standard techniques, the results of the bacterial counts and fungal counts ranged from 5.4 x 10 6 (Ekpan market) to 25.1 x 10 6 (Ekpan market) and 1.1 x 10 5 (Ekpan and New Benin market) to 2.9 x 10 5 (Effurun market). Six bacterial species namely; Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas sp., Corynebacterium sp., Micrococcus sp. and four fungal species namely; Aspergillus spp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp. and Penicillium spp. were identified. Majority of the bacteria were isolated from fish samples from Benin City Markets (51.1%, n = 23) while (48.9%, n = 22) were obtained from Warri Markets. Bacillus spp. were the most predominant (35.6 %) and Micrococcus sp. was the least predominant among the bacterial isolates (2.2%). Aspergillus sp. was recorded the most predominant (37.1%) while Penicillium sp. (14.3%) was the least predominant among the isolated fungi. The isolated bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Corynebacterium sp. and Micrococcus sp.) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and showed resistance to zinnacef and rocephin. These findings show that fish samples from different markets harbour varied levels of potentially pathogenic organisms which could pose health threat to consumers. Proper handling, processing and storage methods should be put in place to reduce potential health risk.