Improving the competitiveness of engineering products, import substitution and increasing high-tech exports are priority government tasks. The development of the high-tech products production is ensured through the diversification of engineering enterprises. The study revealed a number of problems that machine-building enterprises are facing when mastering the production of new products. The diversification methods and tools used largely determine the effectiveness of activities throughout the entire product life cycle. The authors consider the value analysis method as a key instrument for implementing the diversification strategy. Value analysis includes a variety of instruments, such as conducting marketing and patent research, reverse engineering, cooperative chain design, and others. The determination of the company’s preparedness for diversification is of particular importance. The article presents an approach to assessing the key functional areas of the enterprise that indicate its preparedness for diversification.
The dynamism of the engineering products markets is determined by a high level of competition, frequent changes in technology. One of the key problems of Russian machine-building enterprises is the long term of development and putting the product into the production which leads to the fact that ‘yesterday’s product is launched on tomorrow’s markets’. So, we see an arising need for a fundamental change in the product development process by including future consumers in it and ensuring verification of the results at each stage, from the formation of the technical task to the testing of the finished product. Such an approach will allow balancing consumer value and product characteristics, determining the significance and cost of functions, and substantiating a fair price. These problems are solved by the method of value engineering of a product. Application of this method requires reliable information on consumer characteristics, conditions and process of product operation, parameters of similar products. The tools of classical marketing research and new products engineering development should be combined into one system. As a result, the use of value engineering reduces the time required to bring a new product to the market and increases the competitiveness of the product.
Today mechanical engineering is one of the most dynamically developing industries. The products of this industry are becoming more and more complex, requiring the continuous introduction of new high technologies into the production process. In addition, the change in the preferences of consumers of mechanical engineering products associated with an increase in the degree of automation and robotization of their production processes leads to the need to apply more flexible product design approaches. These approaches should allow the manufacturer to respond quickly to changing customer needs. Thus, machine-building enterprises need to provide not only the best price-quality ratio, but also to offer a unique set of product functions - a concept that satisfies all the needs of target consumers. In other words, the ability to create product value based on the individual needs of customers is a competitive advantage for a company in the struggle for market share. The application of Value Engineering Method is able to solve these problems.
The relevance of the study is due to the need to diversify production in order to increase competitiveness and strengthen the economic sustainability of enterprises. Increasing the output of high-tech civil and dual-use products by enterprises of the military-industrial complex as part of the conversion is complicated by the lack of enterprises work experience in the market. Conversion of defense industry enterprises is an important and promising task, the solution of which is connected with the future of defense industry enterprises, the development of import substitution, the expansion of high-tech exports. The purpose of the study is to analyze the world experience of conversion, to study existing approaches to solving conversion implementation problems, creating a system of conversion success factors, monitoring the effect of external and internal conversion implementation factors, identifying actual problems of this process. The author's approach to solving conversion problems consists of identifying external and internal conversion success factors and combining them into a single system for the interaction between the state and defense enterprises. The study of the implementation of the indicated factors showed the degree of their development, as well as the directions that will contribute to the development of diversification.
Введение. Внедрение технологий Индустрии 4.0 и усиление тенденций к кастомизации продукта приводят к принципиальному изменению для потребителя значимости функций промышленной продукции. В статье приведен обзор подходов к выделению функций изделий и сделан вывод о необходимости их новой классификации с выделением базовых и опциональных функций, а также отдельном рассмотрении управляющих и обеспечивающих функций и учета затрат на комплексную потребительскую характеристику. Данные и методы. Теоретической и методологической основой исследования являлись труды отечественных и зарубежных ученых, посвященных применению методов функционально-стоимостного анализа и функционально-стоимостного инжиниринга высокотехнологичной продукции, а также исследования о тенденциях кастомизации и цифровизации производства. Апробация предлагаемых в статье подходов проводилась на примере разработки высотного штабелера. Для выделения базовых и опциональных функций использовались методы анкетирования потребителей различных сегментов и определения конкурентной цены. Для построения функциональных карт применялись методы экономического и статистического анализа, метод экспертных оценок. Полученные результаты. Предлагаемый модернизированный подход позволил сократить на 50 тыс. руб. стоимость базовой комплектации изделия за счет определения и исключения опциональных функций. Разработанная авторская классификация функций, а также ступенчатый алгоритм распределения затрат на комплексную потребительскую характеристику, обеспечили более точное определение точек рассогласования и направлений снижения затрат при соблюдении необходимых требований к качеству. Заключение. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в качестве научно-методической основы проектирования функциональных моделей при проведении функционально-стоимостного анализа (инжиниринга) технически сложных изделий. Introduction. The introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies and the strengthening of trends towards product customization lead to a fundamental change for the consumer in the importance of the functions of industrial products. The article provides an overview of approaches to the allocation of product functions and concludes that a new classification of functions with the allocation of basic and optional functions is necessary, as well as a separate consideration of control and supporting functions and cost accounting for a complex consumer characteristic. Data and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the application of the Value Analysis method and the Value Engineering method of high-tech products, as well as research on trends in customization and production digitalization. Approbation of the approaches proposed in the article was carried out on the example of the development of a high-rise stacker. To highlight the basic and optional functions, we used the methods of surveying consumers of various segments and determining a competitive price. To construct functional maps, the methods of economic and statistical analysis, the method of expert assessments were used. Results. The proposed modernized approach made it possible to reduce the cost of the basic configuration of the product by 50 thousand rubles by identifying and excluding optional functions. The developed author's classification of functions, as well as the stepwise costs allocation algorithm for a complex consumer characteristic, provided a more accurate determination of mismatch points and directions for reducing costs while meeting the necessary quality requirements. Conclusion. Research results can be used as a scientific and methodological basis for the design of functional models when carrying out a functional-cost analysis (engineering) of technically complex products.
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