Background: Cutting-edge digital technologies are being actively introduced into healthcare. The recent successful efforts of artificial intelligence in diagnosing, predicting and studying diseases, as well as in surgical assisting demonstrate its high efficiency. The AI’s ability to promptly take decisions and learn independently has motivated large corporations to focus on its development and gradual introduction into everyday life. Legal aspects of medical activities are of particular importance, yet the legal regulation of AI’s performance in healthcare is still in its infancy. The state is to a considerable extent responsible for the formation of a legal regime that would meet the needs of modern society (digital society). Objective: This study aims to determine the possible modes of AI’s functioning, to identify the participants in medical-legal relations, to define the legal personality of AI and circumscribe the scope of its competencies. Of importance is the issue of determining the grounds for imposing legal liability on persons responsible for the performance of an AI system. Results: The present study identifies the prospects for a legal assessment of AI applications in medicine. The article reviews the sources of legal regulation of AI, including the unique sources of law sanctioned by the state. Particular focus is placed on medical-legal customs and medical practices. Conclusions: The presented analysis has allowed formulating the approaches to the legal regulation of AI in healthcare.
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the article covers the results of Russia's small business history analysis and the problems concerning the current status of legal regulation in the small and medium business sector; the research was performed on the issues associated with the modern opportunities and conditions of providing small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter referred to as SMEs) with financial resources by the national credit institutions. Purpose: to build an advanced legal and prudential contour of credit institutions, and improve the protection of SMEs as parties to a credit contract (loan agreement). Methods: the methodological framework of the research is based on a set of scientific cognition methods, with the following principal ones-analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction and deduction, classification, interpretation, as well as historical, comparative, statistical, sociological methods. Results: following the results of the research performed by the authors in the context of increasing the affordability of credit resources for SMEs, some proposals have been made for improving the whole structure of the Russian banking system, as well as the legal status of its new subject-the bank holding a basic license; besides, some proposals have been put forward for improving the conditions for granting loans to SMEs by formal subjects of the banking system, and by microfinance organizations and credit cooperative unions in respect of their regulation convergence with credit organizations and reduction of the possibilities for regulatory arbitration. Conclusions: the institutional system of granting loans to SMEs is undergoing transformation, the development of the legal contour of the microfinance and cooperative bank is required, as well as the renovation of the legal status of non-bank depository-credit organizations.
The goal of the study is to determine the fundamental intention of the educational project implementation in the Masters’ program for training business lawyers for the digital economy. The main methods used are the analysis method and the sociological method. The main result of the study is that the main goal of educational projects for training business lawyers is the development of a set of regulatory competences. The conclusions are that the competence-based approach is an objective trend in modern education, largely supported by students. A number of factors have been identified that impede the formation of basic lawyers’ competences for students in the digital economy, based on the sociological study. Due to the lack of reference to “digital” competences in federal state educational standards, it is advisable to introduce additional competences in the local acts of the educational organization that take into account the need for lawyers to use information and telecommunication technologies.
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