Introduction: Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a protein expressed in many living organisms. During the study of TRPA1, its unique biological role as a universal and polymodal sensor of various altering agents was found. The aim of this study is to search and generalize information about structural features and molecular determinants, mechanisms of activation, action and modulation of TRPA1 as a universal pain and inflammation sensor, as well as the nature of activators and antagonists of this target and their therapeutic potential. Materials and methods: This article presents an overview of the results of scientific research of TRPA1, its modulators, as well as an overview of their pharmacological potential over the period from the discovery of these channels to the present, with an emphasis on the last decade. Results and discussion: The main collected data on expression, structural features and molecular determinants, mechanisms of activation and action of TRPA1 indicate its role as a universal and labile element of the primary response of the body to adverse exogenous and endogenous factors. Regardless of the nature of the stimulus, hyperstimulation of TRPA1 channels can lead to such phenomena as pain, inflammation, itching, edema and other manifestations of alteration, and therefore TRPA1 blockade can be used in the treatment of various diseases accompanied by these pathological conditions. Currently, TRPA1 antagonists are being actively searched for and studied, as evidenced by a high patent activity over the past 14 years; however, the molecular mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties of TRPA1 blockers remain understudied. Conclusion: Acquire of new information about TRPA1 will help in the development of its modulators, which can become promising analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, bronchodilators, and agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases of new generations.

Introduction: The discovery of novel drugs that can block the transmission of pain signals for treating the pain of various etiologies is an urgent topic in pharmaceutics. The aim of this paper is to synthesize and to investigate in vitro and in silico characteristics of a promising novel compound: 7-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2,5(1H,3H)-dione (HSV-DKH-0450). Materials and methods: The specific activity and the inhibitory mechanism of HSV-DKH-0450 were studied using the HEK293 culture cells expressing the IPTG-induced TRPA1 ion channels. Cardiotoxicity was determined by estimating the binding of HSV-DKH-0450 to the hERG channel. Inhibition of human liver cytochromes was determined by the effect on the activity of cytochromes 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, 2C8, and 3A4. Cellular toxicity was assessed by the effect on the viability of human hepatocytes. ADMET properties were evaluated using admetSAR and SwissADME web-based tools. Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDock Vina tools to predict the binding affinity of all HSV-DKH-0450 stereoisomers toward the TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptors. Results and discussion: In silico predictions of ADMET properties of HSV-DKH-0450 showed that it has optimal pharmaceutical profiles. A series of in vitro pharmacological studies revealed that HSV-DKH-0450 is a promising antagonist of the TRPA1 ion channel with the IC50 of 91.3 nM. The molecular docking of HSV-DKH-0450 stereoisomers against the TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptors demonstrates that they all are characterized by an approximately similar high binding affinity. Conclusion: The obtained data for substance HSV-DKH-0450 look promising for its further development as a potential therapeutic agent for pain relief. Graphical abstract:

Показано, что новая активная фармацевтическая субстанция с TRPA1-антагонистической активностью (производное фенилтетрагидрохинолиндиона) представляет собой белый или почти белый мелкокристаллический негигроскопичный порошок, состоящий из частиц сферической формы с большой площадью поверхности: D90 и span составляют 22,2 мкм и 1,9 единиц соответственно. Субстанция умеренно растворима в этаноле 96 % и практически нерастворима в воде и н-гексане, плавится в диапазоне температур от 203,5 до 208,3 °C с разложением, теряет 0,11 % массы при высушивании, содержит 0,096 % воды и 99,3 % действующего вещества. Полученные данные о физико-химических свойствах производного фенилтетрагидрохинолиндиона накладывают определенные ограничения на разработку и устанавливают требования к подходам к получению лекарственных форм на основе изучаемого вещества, а также могут быть использованы при обосновании проекта спецификации на изучаемую активную фармацевтическую субстанцию.

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