The pathogenesis of the development of chronic lung diseases assumes the participation of systemic inflammation factors, as well as hormone-like substances produced by adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of certain adipokines/cytokines and chronic bronchitis against the background of abdominal obesity in young people. The study included 1415 people aged 25−44. In total, 115 people were selected by the random numbers method, who were divided into two subgroups: those with chronic bronchitis and abdominal obesity and those with chronic bronchitis without abdominal obesity. A control group of patients with comparable gender and age was also selected. In the group of patients with chronic bronchitis, adiponectin, TNFa and GIP levels were 1.4 times higher. The levels of C-peptide, MCP-1 and PP in the group of chronic bronchitis were 1.3 times higher compared to the control. Adipsin, lipocalin-2, IL-6 and resistin were significantly higher in the group with chronic bronchitis. Glucagon, amylin and ghrelin were 2.2, 2.3 and 3.2 times lower, respectively, in the group of patients with chronic bronchitis. Against the background of abdominal obesity, the probability of having chronic bronchitis increased with an increase in the level of lipocalin-2 and GIP and TNFa.

Background: Our study aimed to assess the relationship between the parameters of the lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), anthropometry influence with the severity of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in women. Material and methods. The study design was a cross-sectional study. The research included 138 women aged 29–82 years who had undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 at least two months ago. Participants were divided into three groups by severity of infection: mild (n = 61), moderate (n = 70) and severe (n = 7). Body mass index, waistline and hip circumference, waistline circumference to hip circumference index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, AIP were calculated. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS software package (version 20.0) using the Mann-Whitney test, univariate logistic regression analysis, Pearson chi-squared test. Results. The levels of HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in group 3 compared with the level of HDL-cholesterol in women in group 2 (p2-3 = 0.046). BMI was higher in the moderately severe group compared to the mild one (26.32 [23.305; 30.4] versus 28.78 [24.72; 34.77], p1-2 = 0.026). Hip circumference was higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in patients with mild course (104 [98; 112] versus 114 [109.5; 126], p1-3 = 0.039), AIP was higher in women with severe course compared to women with moderate and mild course (p1-3 = 0.043, p2-3 = 0.04). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the moderate course of COVID-19 is associated with BMI (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI 1.019–1.166, p1-2 = 0.012), and the severe course with WC (OR = 1.041, 95 % CI 1.001–1.084, p1-3 = 0.046), AIP value ≥ 0.11 (OR = 13.824, 95 % CI 1.505–126.964, p1-3 = 0.02; OR = 11,579, 95 % CI 1,266–105,219, p2-3 = 0.03) and HDL level < 40 mg/dl (OR = 14,750, 95 % CI 2,317–93,906, p1-3 = 0.004; OR = 8,000, 95 % CI 1,313– 48,538, p1-3 = 0.024). Conclusion. Patients from the group with moderate and severe course of the new coronavirus infection have higher body mass index, hip circumference, AIP, lower HDL values. The chance of a moderate course of COVID-19 is associated with an increased BMI value, and a severe course with WC, AIP ≥ 0.11 and HDL level < 40 mg/dl.

Aim. To study the prevalence of abdominal obesity in young people aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk, as well as the prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions in individuals with abdominal obesity.Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study of the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years. The screening examined 1,415 people, including 670 men and 745 women. For all individuals, we evaluated the presence of such conditions as abdominal obesity (AO), arterial hypertension (AH), increased body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (according to validated epidemiologic and functional criteria with ECG findings classified according to the Minnesota Code), diabetes mellitus (DM), reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), chronic bronchitis (CB), increased blood levels of total cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia).Results. The prevalence of AO in the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years was 42.4%: in men – 42.7%, in women – 42.1%. We found that AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH (odds ratio (OR) = 2.550, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.899–3.422, p = 0.0001), CB (OR = 1.830, CI 1.326–2.527, p = 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.486, CI 1.193–1.851, p = 0.0001), hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (OR = 1.527, CI 1.222–1.907, p = 0.0001) and a reverse effect on reduced GFR (OR = 0.603, CI 0.427–0.852, p = 0.004). In the male population under 45 years of age, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH, CB, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. In the female population under the age of 45, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of DM, AH, CB, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia and a reverse effect on the reduced GFR development.Conclusion. Therefore, in the young Siberian population under 45 years of age, abdominal obesity is associated with the development of common diseases and pathological conditions.

Aim. To study the incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular events (CVEs) during an 8-year follow-up of a cohort of men aged 25-44 years (Novosibirsk).Material and methods. The cohort study included 1415 people aged 37,33 [31,83; 41,92] years (Median, Me [interquartile range, Q25; Q75], of which 670 (47,3%) were men. Median follow-up period was 6,9 [5,8; 7,8] years. CVEs were identified using the "Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction", fatal cases — from the "Medical Certificates of Cause of Death". The examination program included a questionnaire, anthropometry, biochemical studies. Statistical processing was carried out using SPSS (version 13.0).Results. Thirteen CVEs were identified, of which 6 were fatal. Survival prognosis was more favorable in men without hypertension, with a heart rate (HR) <80 bpm. The risk of CVEs increased by 14% with an increase in fasting plasma glucose by 0,5 mmol/l, by 1,8 times with creatinine increase by 10 pmol/l (decreased by 29% with an increase in glomerular filtration rate by 5 ml/min /1,73 m2); 2 times with a heart rate increase by 10 bpm, regardless of other cardiometabolic risk factors.Conclusion. Significant risk factors for fatal and non-fatal CVEs in men aged 25-44 years are hypertension, heart rate >80 bpm, increased fasting plasma glucose, creatinine levels (or decreased glomerular filtration rate).

Objective. To investigate the adipokine blood profile in young people with hypertension (HTN) and abdominal obesity (AO). Design and methods. In total. 530 people were included in the study, including 267 people with HTN, of which 169 had AO. In the control group (without HTN) there were 263 people comparable to the study group by gender and age. Among them there were 106 people with AO. The blood levels of adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin-2, resistin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were determined in all examined patients by multiplex analysis. Statistical data processing was carried out with the use of SPSS 13.0 program. Results. The levels of adiponectin and lipocalin-2 were lower in the group of HTN patients by 1,46 (p < 0,01) and 1,14 times (p < 0,05), respectively. The level of adipsin in HTN patients was significantly higher (p < 0,01) by 19,14 % compared to the control. The levels of resistin and PAI- did not differ in the control group and the group with HTN. Adiponectin level was 1,35 times lower (p < 0,05) in the group with AO compared to those without AO, the other indicators did not differ in the AO group and controls. In the HTN group, higher levels of PAI-1 were found in the subgroup with AO. When comparing the subgroup without HTN and without AO with the subgroup with HTN and AO, a significant decrease in concentration of adiponectin and lipocalin-2 was found. For the subgroups with AO, a decrease in adiponectin levels and an increase in adipsin levels  (p < 0,01) were found in HTN patients. No statistically significant difference was found for the remaining indicators. The relative chance of early onset HTN was associated with the decrease in adiponectin and lipocalin-2 levels, and with the increase in adipsin levels, regardless of gender, age and the presence of AO. Conclusions. Thus, an increased level of adipsin and a reduced level of adiponectin and lipocalin-2 can serve as potential biomarkers indicating a high probability of developing early HTN in people under 45 years of age.

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This review presents the results of investigations in the field of studying the association of adipokines secreted by visceral adipocytes and the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In relation to this association, such adipokines as adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), resistin, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), monocyte-chemoattractant protein type 1 (MCP-1), nerve growth factor (NGF), visfatin, omentin-1, and the pancreatic hormone insulin were analyzed. The results of studies that have studied the pathogenetic (in animal models) and clinical role of this association in humans are presented. Information on the topic from the publications of the PubMed, Google Scholar databases was used.

Our study aimed to explore associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic liver dysfunction influence on the severity of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The study design was a cross-sectional study. The research included 215 patients (39.50 % of men) aged 26–60 years who had undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 at least two months ago. Participants were divided into three groups by severity of infection: mild (n = 99), moderate and severe (n = 116) by anamnesis. Hepatic steatosis index (HIS), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, glucose and triglyceride content, systolic and diastolic pressure were calculated and abdominal ultrasound examination was done. Results. In the group with moderate and severe course of COVID-19, the proportion of patients diagnosed with NAFLDaccording to the HSI index was significantly higher compared to patients with mild coronavirus infection. Patients with mild COVID-19, who were diagnosed with NAFLD, had higher alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, glucose and triglyceride content, BMI, systolic and diastolic pressure, waist circumference compared to patients without NAFLD. Similar differences persisted for patients with moderate and severe course. With the step-by-step exclusion of cardiometabolic parameters from the logistic regression model, the triglyceride content and BMI retained association with steatohepatosis according to ultrasound data, regardless of severity. When creating a similar model for the HSI index, significant correlation was shown for alanine aminotransferase activity in patients with mild COVID-19, for alanine aminotransferase activity and BMI – in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Conclusions. Patients with NAFLD have a more severe course of COVID-19. In addition, associations of the severity of COVID-19 with a combination of NAFLD and other cardiometabolic changes in the body, such as arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, were revealed.