The aim of this study was to evaluate bite force (BF) and oro-facial functions at different dentition phases (initial-mixed, intermediate-mixed, final-mixed and permanent dentition) in children and adolescents diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The sample was selected from four public schools in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 289 participants recruited, aged 8-14 years old, 46 were placed into the TMD group. TMD was diagnosed using Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (2011). Oro-facial functions were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S), which involves both an interview and a clinical examination. BF was measured using a digital gnathodynamometer. Age and body mass index (BMI) were also considered. The data were analysed by the following tests: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t-test, Spearman and Pearson coefficients, Qui-square test, Fisher's exact or binomial test, as indicated. Moreover, univariate and multivariable logistic regression were applied. For the TMD group, scores associated with NOT-S interview and NOT-S total were higher than for the control group (P = 0.033 and P = 0.0062, respectively). No differences in BF between genders or groups (P > 0.05) were detected. Variables included in the multivariate logistic regression were BMI and NOT-S total. Based on this analysis, NOT-S total was associated with TMDs. Reported sensory function was the specific domain within NOT-S interview that established the significant difference between the groups (P = 0.021). The TMD group also had a greater number of alterations in the face-at-rest domain of the NOT-S exam (P = 0.007). Concluding, it did not detect an association between TMDs and either dentition phase or BF. Instead, BF correlated with age and BMI. Oro-facial dysfunction was associated with TMD in the studied sample, but this association may be bidirectional, requiring further researches.

Objective Our objective was to identify factors associated with sleep pattern in school age children living in Tehran city. Study Design This was a cross-sectional study of 6-9 year olds children (n=270) who recruited by multistage sampling among primary school in Tehran city. Sleep pattern and efficiency was measured for 7 consecutive days using Actigraph accelerometer. Height and weight were directly measured using standardized equipment. Other factors including age, gender, history of preterm birth, birth weight, playing video game, watching TV, family income and parental educational level gathered by standard questionnaire. Results 7days and weekdays sleep duration was significantly shorter (p<0.05) in older children while there was not the same for weekend sleep duration. After adjusting for age we found no significant associations between measured factors and sleep pattern. There was no significant gender difference for sleep pattern, but girls had better (p<0.05) sleep efficiency during 7 days and weekdays compared to boys. Conclusions Sleep efficiency showed an inverse correlation with sleep duration. No significant relationship was found between sleep efficiency during 7 days, weekdays and weekend with the personal and the environmental factors. Background Every disruption in the start, continue or decrease of quantity or quality of the sleep are considered as sleep disorders. The major cause of sleep disorders in children are temporary and spontaneously improve. Methods In a cross-sectional study, children who presented to the Najmiyeh hospital in Tehran during 2009 and 2010 were enrolled. Children 3 months to 14 years with any chronic disorders who were referred for routine screening and vaccination in this age range were included and the data was collected by using a questionnaire included demographic and clinical. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17th by statistical frequency, chi-square, Student t test and Mantle Hanzel tests and P.value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The 301 children were studied. Mean age was 26.60±31.59 months with a standard deviation. The study population sex ratio, male to female equal to 53.3% and 46.4% is equivalent to 161 to 140. 55.48% of the parents brought the child with complaints of sleep. The underling variables including sex, age, affect the prevalence of parent report sleep disorders (P.value < 0.05). Conclusion We suggest that further programmed evaluations are needed to evaluate children according to their age and the children should be assessed for sleep disorders in any range of the ages. SLEEP REPORTED COMPLAINTS WITH PARENTS AMONG