Evaluation of oro‐facial function in young subjects with temporomandibular disorders

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate bite force (BF) and oro-facial functions at different dentition phases (initial-mixed, intermediate-mixed, final-mixed and permanent dentition) in children and adolescents diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The sample was selected from four public schools in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 289 participants recruited, aged 8-14 years old, 46 were placed into the TMD group. TMD was diagnosed using Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (2011). Oro-facial functions were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S), which involves both an interview and a clinical examination. BF was measured using a digital gnathodynamometer. Age and body mass index (BMI) were also considered. The data were analysed by the following tests: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t-test, Spearman and Pearson coefficients, Qui-square test, Fisher's exact or binomial test, as indicated. Moreover, univariate and multivariable logistic regression were applied. For the TMD group, scores associated with NOT-S interview and NOT-S total were higher than for the control group (P = 0.033 and P = 0.0062, respectively). No differences in BF between genders or groups (P > 0.05) were detected. Variables included in the multivariate logistic regression were BMI and NOT-S total. Based on this analysis, NOT-S total was associated with TMDs. Reported sensory function was the specific domain within NOT-S interview that established the significant difference between the groups (P = 0.021). The TMD group also had a greater number of alterations in the face-at-rest domain of the NOT-S exam (P = 0.007). Concluding, it did not detect an association between TMDs and either dentition phase or BF. Instead, BF correlated with age and BMI. Oro-facial dysfunction was associated with TMD in the studied sample, but this association may be bidirectional, requiring further researches.

Self-reported temporomandibular joint disorder symptoms, oral health, and quality of life of children in kindergarten through grade 5

“…12 Other authors found percentages of TMD symptoms and signs between 10% and 25% among the children in their studies. 4–8,26,32 These percentages were closer to the percentages found in this study. This range of prevalence data raises the question whether children’s age might be an explanatory factor.…”

“…While some authors found that girls were more likely than boys to experience TMD 4,5,8,19–25 , other studies found no gender differences 26–31 or were inconclusive Kobayashi. 32 It is therefore worthwhile to further explore the question whether girls and boys differ in the frequencies with which they report TMD symptoms.…”

Efeito de exercícios motores orofaciais e laserterapia nos sintomas de desordem temporomandibular e funções orofaciais

“…Como é importante usar critérios diagnósticos apropriados de DTM, são necessários instrumentos precisos para avaliar as funções relacionadas ao sistema estomatognático (Kobayashi et al, 2014). Bakke et al(2007) desenvolveram e testaram o The Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening -NOT-S, um instrumento para a triagem da disfunção orofacial por meio de uma entrevista estruturada e exame clínico, com escala dicotômica.…”

“…A maioria dos pacientes com sintomas de DTM têm entre 20 e 50 anos de idade (Murphy et al, 2013), no entanto, pode ocorrer também em crianças e adolescentes (Tecco et al, 2011;Kobayashi et al, 2014). Aproximadamente 5 a 9% da população adulta apresenta sintomas significantes de DTM (Plesh et al, 2011;Al-Saleh et al, 2012) com maior prevalência em mulheres (Dao e LeReshe, 2000;Gonçalves et al, 2010;Maixner et al, 2011;Schmid-Schwaps et al, 2013).…”

“…Estudos anteriores têm mostrado a frequente presença de distúrbio miofuncional orofacial (DMO) em pacientes com DTM (Felício et al, 1991;Berretin-Felix et al, 2005;Bakke e Hansdottir, 2008;Bianchini et al, 2008;Ferreira et al, 2009;2014;Van der Bilt, 2011;De Felício et al, 2012a,b;Macedo e Bianchini, 2014;Kobayashi et al, 2014).…”