No abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of boiling and juicing on selected vegetables and fruits such as carrot, beetroot, tomato, mint leaves, pomegranate and apple. Total and individual polyphenols were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu and RP-HPLC. Antioxidant capacities of the selected foods were measured by DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and ORAC assays. In vitro bioaccessibility of total and individual polyphenols were analyzed by mimicking human gastro intestinal system. Results of this study revealed that pomegranate was found to be higher in total polyphenols (55.90±1.02) and the lesser content was observed in boiled mint leaves (3.16±1.12). Also carrot pure juice (37.35%) was observed higher total polyphenols bioaccessibility and lesser content was observed in tomato puree juice (13.71%). The predominant polyphenols present in the selected foods are simple polyphenols such as chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic and gallic acids, glycosides of flavones and flavonols such as apigenin, luteolin, quercetin and catechins such as epigallocatechin, epicatechin and their individual polyphenol bioaccessibility were also analyzed. Among the selected foods pomegranate juice contained highest AOA, moderate AOA was observed in juices of beetroot, apple, tomato and lesser activity was observed in carrot juice compared to the raw and boiled foods. From these findings, it was observed that the food matrix, method of cooking, polyphenol content (total and individual) and bioaccessibility are the key determining factors of net antioxidant capacity of the selected fruits and vegetables.

The present investigation is a study of the Leaves of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. with respect to potential as antioxidant in relation to their total content of Phenolic and Flavonoids compounds in five different organic solvents. The amounts of total phenols were analyzed with the Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total phenols were expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent. The antioxidant activity of extracts were expressed as percentage of DPPH radical inhibition and IC50 values in percentage ranged from 18.86± 0.23 % to 86.65 ± 0.43 % Maximum phenolic content was found in the methanolic extract (36.4± 0.30) where as maximum flavonoids are detected in ethanolic extract (16.60± 0.01). The high contents of phenolic and flavonoids compounds indicated that these compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity.

The current study aims to formulate and evaluate acyclovir loaded niosomes for sustained release of acyclovir. Stable Acyclovir loaded Niosomes can be prepared by hand shaking method and ether injection method with Span 80 and cholesterol in the ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. Preformulation studies and drug excipients compatibility studies was done initially and results directed the further course of formulation. Most of the vesicles are spherical in shape, the size range of the vesicles, fall in the narrow size range of 0.5-5 and 0.5-2.5 by hand shaking method and ether injection method respectively. A high % of Acyclovir can be encapsulated in the vesicles (75-84%) prepared by hand shaking method. Concentration of non-ionic surfactant such as Span 80 might influences the drug release pattern of all formulation. In vitro release of Acyclovir from niosomes was very slow when compared to the release from pure Acyclovir solution. Drug release studies showed that the niosomal preparation was stable at refrigeration temperature (40C). The vesicles prepared by hand shaking method were found to be larger in size as compared to vesicles prepared by ether injection method. Almost constant drug release was observed in all formulations indicating zero order release pattern.

Plants have been always played an important role in maintaining human health directly or indirectly. Dillenia indica Linn. is a plant known for its nutritive as well as medicinal properties. Bark of the plant has been blessed with various phytochemicals as alkaloids, tannins, phenols etc. which give the plant a defence mechanism to protect the plant. Presence of these phytochemicals proved that bark is also beneficial for human beings because of their therapeutic properties. In the present study the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the different extracts of bark of Dillenia indica Linn. have been examined and it is found that ascorbic acid as standard having the great antioxidant activity with lowest IC50. Fifty per cent methanolic extract showed higher amount of total phenolic content 47.6± 0.92 mg/gm and lowest IC50 value 13.43 ± 1.25µg/ml having highest antioxidant activity. In contrast with its aqueous extract having highest IC50 value 239.1 ± 2.15 µg/ml with lowest antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity has proved to be great source in the prevention of many life threatening diseases. The antioxidant activity of Dillenia indica Linn. should be further explored commercially to take its health benefits for serving the human society.