ABSTRAKAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) merupakan salah satu leguminosa dengan kandungan nutrisi tinggi dengan tingkat palatabilitas yang baik pada ternak ruminansia. Kendala ketersediaan alfalfa di Indonesia adalah terbatasnya kemampuan adaptasi tanaman alfalfa di lingkungan tropis. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengukur tingkat adaptasi tanaman alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hasil mutasi dengan sinar gamma pada skala lapang. Penelitian terdiri dari 4 macam sumber tanaman, yakni tanaman hasil mutasi dengan level sinar gamma yang berbeda (0 Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy dan 400 Gy). Jumlah anakan tanaman diuji dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan dan masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 20 tanaman. Daya tumbuh, warna daun, waktu berbunga dan tingkat serangan hama tanaman dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman alfalfa hasil mutasi 300 Gy nyata (p<0.05) menghasilkan jumlah anakan terbanyak. Tanaman hasil iradiasi 300 Gy memberikan perilaku yang lebih baik terhadap daya tumbuh, daya berbunga dan jumlah tanaman tidak terserang hama. Semakin tinggi level iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap warna daun, menunjukkan perubahan tingkat warna dari hijau tua menuju hijau muda.Kata kunci: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), mutasi, iradiasi sinar gamma, skala lapang ABSTRACT Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) a high nutritious and palatability legume for ruminant. Constrain of alfalfa availability in Indonesia are due to the plant adaptability in tropical environment. Aim of the study was to measure the adaptation level of alfalfa that irradiated with gamma rays on a field scale. The study consisted of four types of plant sources, mutation plants with different gamma ray levels (0Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy and 400Gy). Plant tillers was analyzed with a complete randomized design with 3 replications, 20 plants per replication. Growth capability, leaf color, flowering time and pest attack level were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that alfalfa irradiated with 300 Gy significantly (p<0.05) produced highest tillers. Irradiated 300 Gy plant gave better result on growth capability, flowering capability, and number of not attack plant from pests. The higher level of gamma ray irradiation showed the changed in leaf color levels from dark green to light green.
ABSTRAKLamtoro merupakan tanaman leguminosa pohon dengan kandungan protein tinggi yang memiliki tingkat adaptasi lingkungan yang luas terhadap cekaman kering, tetapi kemampuan adaptasi lamtoro terhadap cekaman masam relatif terbatas. Pemutasian lamtoro melalui iradiasi sinar gamma dosis 40 Gy pada tingkat kalus melalui kultur jaringan menghasilkan kandidat kalus lamtoro teradaptasi asam pada pH 3.4. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur karakteristik morfologi kalus lamtoro cv Tarramba teradaptasi pH 3.4 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma 40Gy berdasaarkan perbedaan sumber sitokinin (kinetin, BAP, TDZ) pada kultur jaringan. Rancangan penelitian adalah RAL dengan 3 perlakuan perbedaan sumber sitokinin (kinetin, BAP dan TDZ) dan 10 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sumber sitokinin TDZ 0.5 ppm memberikan respon diameter kalus terbaik serta mampu menghasilkan tekstur kalus yang remah, tetapi menunjukkan respon warna kalus yang cenderung hijau muda. Kata kunci: Leucaena leucocephala cv Tarramba, morfologi kalus, teradaptasi pH 3.4, iradiasi sinar gamma, sitokininABSTRACT Lamtoro, a legume tree plant with high protein content that has a wide range of environmental adaptation to dry stress, but relatively limited to acid stress. Mutation of lamtoro through 40 Gy gamma ray irradiation on callus culture produces lamtoro callus candidates adapted with pH 3.4. Aim of the study was to measure the morphological characteristics of adapted lamtoro cv Tarramba pH 3.4 that produced by 40Gy gamma ray irradiation based on differences of cytokinins in tissue culture. The study used complete randomized design with three treatments of different sources of cytokines i.e. kinetin, BAP and TDZ with 10 replications. The results showed that 0.5 ppm TDZ was the best treatment in callus diameter, and produced crumbly callus texture, but showed callus color response that tended to be light green.
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