Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan zat aditif berupa tepung putak (sebagai sumber karbohidrat) dan isi rumen (sebagai sumber enzim) dalam pembuatan silase C. odorata terhadap kandungan total tanin dan kandungan nutrien silase C. odorata. Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri atas 4 macam, yaitu: CO (C. odorata), COP (C. odorata + tepung putak 10%), COPR5 (C. odorata + tepung putak 10% + isi rumen 5%), dan COPR10 (C. odorata + tepung putak 10% + isi rumen 10%). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 4 x 2. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan (CO, COP, COPR4, COPR10) dan faktor kedua adalah waktu fermentasi silase (0 hari dan 21 hari). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Peubah yang diukur adalah kandungan konsentrasi total tanin dan kandungan nutrien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan total tanin 15,50% pada silase dengan penambahan aditif (tepung putak 10% dan isi rumen 10%). Kandungan nutrien (BO dan PK) meningkat masing-masing 3,45% dan 41,81% serta terjadi penurunan serat kasar 3% bila dibandingkan silase tanpa aditif. Waktu fermentasi silase C.odorata selama 21 hari menghasilkan kualitas silase terbaik dibanding waktu fermentasi 0 hari.
Duckweed (Lemna minor) is a small aquatic plant that grow and float in water and spread extensively. Lemna minor is potential as a source of high quality forage. This study aimed to determine optimal light intensity on Lemna minor to generate maximum productivity. Parameters observed were physical-biological and chemical characteristics of the media (pH value, temperature, cover area, decreased of media volume, BOD, COD, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate), plant growth acceleration (number of shoots, leaf diameter and chlorophyll-a), biomass production, doubling time of cover area and the number of daughters. This study was done based on a completely randomized design with 4 levels of shading. While treatment was: without shading, shading 30%, shading 50% and shading 70% using paranet shade. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications. Result showed that the productivity of Lemna minor included the number of daughters, chlorophyll-a, biomass production, cover area, absorbed phosphate and doubling time the number of daughters reached the highest level without shading treatment (1007,21-2813,57 lux). The decrease of intensity of light, the increase the diameter of leaf. Decrease of media volume was positively correlated to size of cover area. Biomass production influenced by a wide doubling time of cover area and number of daughters.
ABSTRAKMullik YM, Ridla M, Prihantoro I, Mullik ML. 2016. Fermentasi anaerobik efektif menurunkan konsentrasi total tanin pada tumbuhan semak bunga putih (Chromolaena odorata). JITV 21(1): 19-25. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v21i1.1301Chromolaena odorata merupakan sumber pakan alternatif potensial, namum penggunaannya terkendala oleh kandungan berbagai senyawa metabolik sekunder dalam jaringan tumbuhan ini. Salah satu kelompok senyawa tersebut adalah tannin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai metode perlakuan awal terhadap total konsentrasi tannin dan daya cerna bahan kering dan bahan organik yang diukur secara in vitro dan konsentrasi produk fermentasi rumen. Rancangan acak lengkap (8 x 3) digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan 8 jenis perlakuan yaitu daun chromolaena segar sebagai kontrol (Fresh), dijemur selama 3 x 24 jam (Sun-dried), dikeringkan pada suhu 60°C selama 24 jam (Oven-dried), direbus dalam air selama 5 menit (Boiled), direndam dalam air biasa selama 4 jam (RenWater), direndam dalam NaOH selama 4 jam (RenNaOH), direndam dalam HCl selam 4 jam (RenHCl), atau difermentasi secara anaerobik selama 21 hari (Fermented). Parameter yang diukur adalah konsentrasi tannin total dan kandungan nutrisi dalam setiap bahan yang mendapat perlakuan tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakukan Jemur, Rebus, RenAir, dan fermentasi secara nyata menurunkan total tannin sehingga besar 43% hingga 62% dibandimg kontrol. Penurunan terbesar (62%) ditunjukkan oleh perlakukan Fermentasi. Sebaliknya, penggunaan panas tinggi (dioven) atau bahan kimia (HCL dan NaOH) tidak nyata menurunkan konsentrasi tannin. Kandungan protein kasar meningkat sebesar 60% dan serat kasar menurun sebesar 32% pada perlakuan fermentasi dibanding kontrol. Disimpulkan bahwa metode fermentasi anaerobic dapat digunakan sebagai strategi efektif untuk menurunkan konsentrasi tannin dalam tumbuhan semak bunga putih (Chromolaena odorata) tanpa mengurangi nilai nutrisinya sebagai bahan pakan. Chromolaena odorata is a potential feed source but its usage is hampered by presence of various secondary metabolic compounds in plant's tissues. One group of them is tannin. This experiment was aimed to evaluate various pre-treatment methods on total tannin concentration and in vitro digestibility of dry-and organic-matter. An 8 x 3 completely randomized experimental design was employed to test 8 different treatments. The treatments were: Fresh = freshly-chopped chromolaena leaves as control, Sun-dried = sun-dried (3x 24 hours) chromolaena leaves, Oven-dried = oven-dried (60 o C for 24 hours) chromolaena leaves, Boiled = water-boiled (5 minutes) chromolaena leaves, RenWater = water-soaked (4 hours) chromolaena leaves, RenNaOH = NaOH-soaked (4 hours) chromolaena leaves, RenHCl = HCl-soaked (4 hours) chromolaena leaves, and Fermented = anaerobically-fermented (21 days) chromolaena leaves. Parameters measured were concentration of total tannins and nutrient content. The results showed that application of low heat (Sun-dried), hot wate...
Land for forage planting is mainly on marginal land such as acid soil. However, the constraint is the low levels of phosphorus (P) that can inhibit forage production. Arbuscula mycorrhizal fungi has been known as a biological fertilizer because the fungi can help the absorption of phosphorus (P) on the root so that can improve the forage production and quality of nutrients. This study was aimed to utilize and evaluate the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum in forage production and nutritive value of Pennisetum purpureum. The experiment used a completely randomized design with two factors (2 x 4) and 4 replications. The first factor was type of AMF inoculum (A and B) and the second factor was doses of AMF (D1= 0.5 kg/planting hole, D2= 1 kg/planting hole, D3= 1.5 kg/planting hole, and D4= 2 kg/planting hole). Control treatment was carried out separately. The result showed that the highest shoot dry weight production was on AD2 and significantly different (P<0.05) from BD1 and control. There was no interaction between type and dose of inoculum on shoot dry weight production and nutrition value. The inoculum A significantly increased (P<0.05) shoot dry weight production (34.04%), crude protein content (10.21%), phosphorus uptake (40%), N content (10.53%), N uptake (38.10%), and protein production (40.15%) of P. purpureum, compared to inoculum B. It can be concluded that AMF inoculum type A was the best inoculum for forage production.
Cultivation of the Elephant Grass cv Taiwan with tissue culture requires an acclimatization stage, therefore this study aims to find the best planting media and the effect of plant age and evaluation of production elephant grass cv taiwan mutant and nutrient content. Acclimatization was carried out in a greenhouse using sand, soil, and a combination of 50% sand with 50% soil, and the mutant type T2, T4 and K4. The acclimation process uses the Factorial RAL method with factor A type of mutant and factor B type of planting media and the parameters assessed are leaf length, number of leaves and plant mortality rate. Production evaluation uses the RAL method and the parameters observed to see elephant grass production are plant height, stem diameter, leaf width, number of tillers and amount of plant biomass production. Proximate analysis is used to show the nutritional value of plants that have been selected individually using scoring assessments. The results of the acclimatization study showed that the planting media that had the lowest mortality rate were sand and soil combination media (22%) followed by soil planting media (27%) and the planting media that had the highest mortality rate was sand media (30%). The results of the production evaluation stage showed that the highest average harvest weight was found in T4 mutants with an average weight of 1353 g clump-1harvest-1, followed by T2 mutants which had an average of 1198 g clump-1harvest-1 and the lowest harvest weight was found in K4 mutants with an average of 1002 g clump-1harvest-1. Based on the research results obtained the best planting media for the acclimation process of elephant grass cv Taiwan mutants is a combination of sand and soil media (1:1). The results of the evaluation stage of T4 mutant production are the best mutants based on morphological performance and production of plant biomass. Proximate analysis of selected plants shows that plants with mutant T2PT7 species have the best nutritional value, with nutritional content of PK 11.71 and SK 24.67.
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