This study was carried out at Berket El-Sabaa province, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt, during the period from March to June 2014. The present study aimed to study, the efficiency of pheromone traps on population fluctuation of Tuta absoluta, to determine the most suitable insecticide and rate of some selected bio and chemical insecticides against T. absoluta larvae, and to estimate the damage area of tomato leaves and fruits infested with T. absoluta after the second spray of the tested insecticides. Data showed that the population fluctuation of T. absoluta male captured has three stages, the first stage extended from 1st week of April to 1st week of May with a peak of 477.7 male/trap/week. The second stage extended from the 1st week to the 4th week of May with a peak of 210.7 male/trap/week. The third stage began from the 4th week of May to the 4th week of July (95.7 male/trap/week). Data showed that, 200 g/100 l water for each bio-pesticides such as Biovar, Bioranza, Dipel-2x and Bitoxybacillin and the rate of 75 ml/100 l water for Tracer and Challenger were the most efficient against T. absoluta larvae. In this respect, the evaluation of damage of tomato leaves by T. absoluta larvae was done under the application of some selected insecticides at the high rate. The descending arrangement of these insecticides according to their efficiency is as follows Tracer < Bitox < Challenger < Bioranza < Dipel-2x < Biovar (17.18% < 17.8% < 21.03% < 26.44% < 64.18% < 69.4% damage). The obtained data showed that Tracer gave a promising result where it recorded 16.0% damage fruit, compared with the unsprayed plots (54.3%). In general, the values obtained after the second application recorded low infested leaf area %. This explains the importance of sustainable control of T. absoluta larvae, to suppress its population. ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf
developed intra hepatic biliary abscess at segment VIII managed by liver resection. HA stenosis and HA bleeding from anastomotic site developed in 1 patient for each. Conclusion: Urgent surgical management is lifesaving in cases of early HAT. Left gastric artery may be used in cases of failure of reconstruction of right hepatic artery. Interventional radiology and medical treatment are the management of late HAT.
Short term administration of the venoms of the snakes Naja haje, Naja nigricollis, and Cerastes vipera and of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus on the mitotic index of the duodenal mucosal cells of the white rat, Rattus rattus, has been studied. All the venoms increased the number of dividing cells of the duodenal mucosa significantly. Naja haje crude venom was fractionated into three fractions. Fraction I had no effect on the mitotic index whereas fractions II and III increased it significantly. Treatment of rats with Naja haje venom fractions II and III after blocking the histamine or the serotonin receptors did not affect the stimulatory action of the two venom fractions on the mitotic index, which it increased significantly. It was suggested that the venoms of Naja haje, Naja nigricollis, Cerastes vipera, and Leiurus quinquestriatus and Naja haje venom fractions possessed a mitogenic activity. Fraction II of Naja haje venom acted through both the muscarinic and adrenergic receptors while fraction III acted on the adrenergic ones.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.