Abstract. The article considers the influence of the surface layer characteristics on the regularities of the cutting process and the formation of the quality of the surface machined. This effect has been confirmed by the study results of the combined cutting method with advanced plastic deformation (APD). The work estimates the impact of the change in the surface layer properties on the forces and temperature of cutting, stability of the chip formation and quality parameters of the surface machined. The rise in the tech level specifies the challenges of increasing the effectiveness of the parts production and formation of the required performance characteristics of their surfaces. It is noteworthy that at present, inadequate attention is paid to all the parameters of the machine part surface both in construction, process design, and production. Machining considers for the most part the geometrical parameters and surface roughness. To improve the surface performance parameters such as the surface structure, hardness, wear resistance, etc., some special operations are assigned, including the strengthening treatment, honing finishing operations and heat treatment of various types. However, in certain cases, the desired surface parameters can be achieved by less number of operations and at less cost.Besides, the concept of machining design, in our view, requires some updating and improvements. Despite the continuing technological advance and potential of certain branches of machine-building industry, which are the basis for any industrial production (first of all, machine tool building, metallurgy, cutting tool production, etc.), for upward movement, they cannot fully ensure the necessary stability of all technological system parameters in course of machining operations. So, this fact causes the parameter instability of the surface machined, and hence the performance instability of the manufactured parts, assemblies, mechanisms, and machines.The machining procedure of a part can be considered as a sequence of operations on a workpiece. Each operation to some extent changes a set of the surface parameters of the workpiece machined, with the processing result to depend not only on the type and mode of exposure and the tool applied, but also on the previous state and the surface layer of the workpiece. The processing result depended not only on the type and modes of action and the tool applied, but also on the previous state of the workpiece and the surface layer. The effectiveness of the cutting process was considerably influenced by the properties of the material being processed, the workpiece and the cutting tool. The indicated properties given in the reference literature and certificates for tool and construction materials were averaged and allowed for a wide range of characteristics [1,2]. This significantly reduced the reliability and effectiveness of the technological preparation of production and also affected the stability of the processing results.For a better understanding the essence of this issue, let's l...
Objective: The objective of this work was to carry out studies in the field of development of a hydroalcoholic extract from the liquorice root that has a high level of antimicrobial activity.Methods: For the antibacterial study of extracts, we have used the agar well diffusion method. In our research, we have utilized six test-strain microorganisms: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 885/653, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Authors have applied vector theory for antimicrobial activity comparison of liquorice root extracts.Results: Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from the liquorice root with the use of different concentrations of ethanol have been studied. The optimal range of ethanol concentration of 65±15% v/v has been found. The dependency between the integral index of antimicrobial activity of the extract and concentration of glycyram and licuroside has been found. The minimal concentration of glycyram and licuroside in the extract has been calculated for an exhibition of the target level of extract’s antimicrobial activity, which is 1.0 and 0.11% w/v, respectively.Conclusion: It has been found that the concentration of licuroside has greater influence on the integral index of extract’s antimicrobial activity in comparison with that one of glycyram. A highly effective technology for obtaining an extract with target phytochemical parameters has been suggested.
Magnesium alloys find ever wider application in different fields of industrial production, especially when products should have the lowest mass characteristics. Use of magnesium alloys for manufacture of such structures is the most challenging, but in this case, the technologies of their manufacture including also processes of welding using different methods, should be available and reliable. At the present time many specialists attribute the EBW to the category of high technologies. Firstly, the EBW process is carried out under the conditions of vacuum environment, which absolutely eliminates any oxidizing processes of liquid metal in weld pool. Moreover, during melting in vacuum the refining purification of molten metal from harmful impurities takes place, and strength characteristics of joints are the highest in this case. In the present work the results of experimental investigations of weldability of wrought magnesium alloys of different thicknesses produced using electron beam are given. The influence of the system of alloying and parameters of mode on formation of welds and sizes of penetration zone of billets of different thickness was shown. The strength characteristics of welded butt joints were determined. 8 Ref., 4 Tables, 6 Figures. K e y w o r d s : electron beam welding, magnesium alloys, welding modes, strength of welded joints, microstructure of weld and base metal
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