Thesis Title "Knowledge and Application of Tri Hita Karana in Subak to Support Sustainable Horticulture Food Agriculture (The Case of Subak Mungkagan, Sembung Village, Mengwi, Badung Regency)"Bali historically owns traditions, culture and religious commitment of its own in the form of an organization called Subak. All Subaks in Bali apply the concept of Tri Hita Karana one of them being Subak Mungkagan. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of knowledge, and the farmers’ application of Tri Hita Karana in Subak Mungkagan to support sustainable crop farming, in the village of Sembung, Mengwi, Badung regency. Subak Mungkagan population numbered 161 people. The determination of samples used quota sampling and random sampling. The respondents taken amounted to 32 people. The results showed that the farmers’ knowledge of Tri Hita Karana in Subak Mungkagan to support sustainable horticulture agriculture, village Sembung, Mengwi, Badung belonged to the excellent category by achieving a score of 4.28. The level of implementation of the Tri Hita Karana by farmers in Subak Mungkagan to support sustainable food crops, also belonged to the excellent category by achieving a score of 4.17. Based on the research it can be suggested the existence of sanctuaries and their use has been complete, what needs to be considered is the cleanliness after praying in the temple area. Extension in Subak Mungkagan is only done twice a year, it should have been done five times a year, so that knowledge and application of Tri Hita Karana aspects Palemahan in particular in Mungkagan Subak is related to the relationship of Subak members with the surrounding environment.

The Potential Analysis Availability Of Bamboo Plants and The Marketing ofBamboos Product at Kayubihi Village, Bangli Distric, Bangli Regency. Analysis of the potential availability of bamboo plants in Kayubihi Village, BangliSubdistrict, Bangli Regency is divided into two analyzes, namely the analysis ofpotential availability and marketing analysis. Analysis of potential availability to knowthe potency of bamboo found in Kayubihi Village while for marketing seen marketingchannel, marketing margin, and profit margin with the election of three main productsproduced by Kayubihi Village. Types of data used in this study are qualitative data andquantitative data and data sources obtained from primary data and secondary data. Datacollection methods used there are three namely Library research, field research andstudy literature. The population in this study were 50 bamboo farmers who were alsobamboo craftsmen. Data analysis was done descriptively quantitative and qualitativedescriptive. The results showed that the analysis of potential availability with five typesof bamboo plants is under 200 clumps/ha which means not yet potential. Bamboo isprocessed into handicrafts and marketed for marketing the main products are sokasi,cakes basket, and coocked rice basked. Each product has three marketing channels. Themost profit margin obtained in each marketing channel is at producer level. The shortestmarketing margin in each channel because it is directly to the consumer.

Prospect of Cocoa Farming Development in Pangsan Village, Petang Sub-District of Badung Regency Cocoa plays an important role for the national economy, especially openingemployment opportunities, sources of income, and foreign exchange. The objectivesof this research are: to investigate the suitability of land for cocoa farming inPangsan Village, financial feasibility of cocoa farming in Pangsan Village, seen frominvestment criteria, and market prospect of cocoa commodity of Pangsan Villageproduction. The analysis used in this research is investment criteria method includingNPV, IRR, and Net B/C for financial feasibility analysis, while land suitability andmarket prospect are analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings of thestudy showed that : land in Pangsan Village is appropriate (S2) for cocoa farmingand it has low productivity compared to cocoa productivity in Bali and Indonesia,cocoa farming in Pangsan village which is intercropped with coconut and bananatrees is financially feasible to be cultivated, with NPV of Rp 29.454.914,86, IRR of38%, and Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C) of 7,68, and the market prospect of cocoaproducts in Pangsan Village is not prospective for foodstuff, because the product ofcocoa produced is not fermented and not certified.

The Marketing Strategies of Red Chili at Sub Terminal AgribusinessManik Mekar NadiRed chili is one type of commercial vegetable that has long been cultivated in Indonesia. STA Manik Mekar Nadi has implemented marketing strategies to market its agricultural production, especially red chili. The purpose of the study was to analyze the internal and external factors, as well as the right strategies to be carried out by STA Manik Mekar Nadi in the marketing of red chili. The choice of location was done purposively and the number of the key informants was seven peoples. Results of research of marketing strategies of red chili showed that the internal factors include: the strength factors, namely, its strategic location, complete facilities, regular customers, and the guaranteed quality of red chili, while the weakness factors, namely, lack of capital, perishable products, unable to meet the demand, not using the services / advertising in the mass media. External factors include: opportunity factors, namely increasing purchasing power of consumers, government supports, increased domestic market demand, and technological development support, while the threat factors, namely, the emergence of new similar competition, consumers ‘sensitivity to price changes, fluctuations in the price of red chili at the local farmers, and the stronger bargaining power of consumers. The strategies adopted by STA Manik Mekar Nadi in marketing the red chili are to maintain the quality of red chili, to expand markets and product distribution, to increase the production of red chili, to have capital loans, promotion of technology, product standardization, standardization of prices, to expand business networks, to increase operational facilities, to maintain the stability of prices at the consumer level, and to increase the stock of red chili. The STA Manik Mekar Nadi is recommended to apply for financial assistance to the government, to add transportation and to enlarge the warehouse, as well as to conduct promotion.

Ecotourism Development in Nyambu Village, Kediri Sub-district, Tabanan Regency. Nyambu Village is an agricultural area located at the southern tip of Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. The sustainability of the agricultural system in Bali is very dependent on the subak irrigation system. Subak Mundeh, which is located in Nyambu Village, is very suitable to be developed as an object of ecotourism. The development of agriculture-based ecotourism is a tourism development model that has the potential to develop the agricultural and tourism sectors. Many factors influence the success of an ecotourism, so it is important to know the role of the Nyambu Village community and Subak Mundeh farmers in the development of Nyambu Village Ecotourism. This study used a descriptive analysis method with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The number of respondents was 70 people, who were selected by accidental sampling technique. This research shows that Subak Mundeh farmers and the people of Nyambu Village work together in developing Nyambu Village Ecotourism, namely by preserving traditional arts and culture, subak regulations, historical monuments, and maintaining the sustainability of the environment. The Government should provide more support so that the development of Nyambu Village Ecotourism could be better.

Comparison of Production and Profits of Organic and Inorganic Rice Farmers (Case Study of Subak Wongaya Betan, Mangesta Village, Tabanan Regency). The sustainability of agricultural production depends on intensive and sustainable fertilization. Currently, Indonesian families have begun to realize the importance of health and switch to healthier foods. One of the changes in rice farming is the use of organic fertilizers instead of inorganic fertilizers. The transformation of agriculture into organic farming has the potential to increase production and profits for farmers. This study aims to analyze the comparison of production and profit of organic rice farming and inorganic rice farming. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 43 farmers applying organic fertilizers and 23 farmers applying inorganic fertilizers. Secondary data were obtained from various literatures. The results show that the average organic rice production is 6.82 tons/ha and the average profit earned is Rp. 14,169,203 per hectare in one growing season. The average inorganic rice production is 6.20 tons/ha with an average profit of Rp 7,148,203 per hectare in one growing season. The results of the t-test of production and profit, show a statistically significant difference between organic rice and inorganic rice. Farmers should consider using organic fertilizer to increase production and income which is also more environmentally friendly.

Purpose: Subak is an organization owned by the farming community in Bali which specifically regulates traditional rice field management. Subak Sembung is one of the Subak organizations that is engaged in the production to date. The novelty of this research as well as the purpose of the research is to observe the independence of urban farmers from various sides. The purpose of this research is to increase the independence of farmers in adapting to urban situations.Research Method: Sixty-six members of Subak Sembung participated as study participants. Data were collected by observation and interview sessions. The qualitative analysis was employed to address the first, second, and third aims of the study.Findings: Results revealed that the majority of the farmers had a high level of independence in the aspect of cultivation tool preparation, crop production, capital, capital provider, and type of cultivated commodity. However, lack of independence was identified in the aspect of post-harvest handling, management, selfdevelopment, collaborating to provide agricultural services, and technology adoption.Originality/ Value: We suggest delivering training, workshops, and technology adoption to improve the level of independence of farmers in adapting to urban agriculture.

<p class="ISI-Paragraf">Karangasem is one of the regencies in Bali Province that has potential in the agricultural sector, in addition to Tabanan Regency. Contribution of the agricultural sector of Karangasem Regency amounted to 14.74% of the GDP of Bali Province. Large potential of the agricultural sector can also be seen from the livelihoods of the population, where majority (50.61%) work as farmers (Statistics of Bali Province, 2017). In November 2017, Mount Agung erupted, impacted the development of sectors in Karangasem Regency, including the agricultural sector. This research is intended to determine the competitiveness of the agricultural sector (especially the food crop subsector) and the planning model of agricultural areas in the regency. Location selection is done purposively with the consideration that it has the lowest economic growth rate after Jembrana Regency and has experienced Mount Agung eruption in 2017. Research method used are Shift Share Analysis and Dynamic Modeling. Especially for Dynamic Modeling, an analysis of economic aspects was carried out. Results shows that agricultural sector in Karangasem Regency can still compete with other regions in Bali Province. The agricultural sector, especially paddy fields in the last five years (in 2012-2017), was still able to contribute to the increase of the regency's Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and community income if the agricultural area management model is implemented in an integrated manner between farmers, Village Credit Institutions, and local customary villages.</p>