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The current study was designed to evaluate the urease inhibitory profile of extract and fractions of Pistacia atlantica ssp. cabulica Stocks followed by bioactivity-guided isolated compounds. The crude extract was found significantly active with urease inhibitor (95.40% at 0.2 mg/mL) with IC50 values of 32.0 ± 0.28 μg/mL. Upon fractionation, ethyl acetate fraction displayed 100% urease inhibition with IC50 values of 19.9 ± 0.51 μg/mL at 0.2 mg/mL. However, n-hexane and chloroform fractions exhibited insignificant urease inhibition. Similarly, the isolated compound, transilitin (1) and dihydro luteolin (2) demonstrated marked urease attenuation with 95 and 98% respectively, at 0.15 mg/mL. Both the isolated compounds showed marked potency with IC50 values of 8.54 ± 0.54 and 9.58 ± 2.22 μg/mL, respectively. In short, both the extract and fractions and isolated compounds showed marked urease inhibition and thus a useful natural source of urease inhibition.

Indonesian government is accelerating the development of national housing through its stateowned company, in which all planning designs have been already established including urban design and urban revitalization. But unfortunately the detailed engineering of installation building, especially roof insulation building has not gotten much attention yet. Main contractor was paid for the project but the insulation should be an extra work to be paid due to its status as variant order. So, any kind of insulation types are pleased to be proposed. This paper proposed Material and Cost-Based methods that was studied by comparing three proposed materials from physics and economic point of view with its theory and simulation data whereas computer simulation also conducted. Evidently, insulation has an important role to be installed due to gaining solar heat reduction from solar exposure through the rooftop based on indoor thermal condition and energy of cooling utilities. Besides, those methods presented the simplified decision for company to select a beneficial material to be installed.

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Leptolyngbya is one of the genera of Cyanobacteria (prokaryotic microalgae) which are often found in the hot spring area. These microalgae are known to have potential as a biofuels source. In order to utilize microalgae, it is necessary to make efforts to produce microalgae biomass in large quantities. Biomass production depends on many environmental factors, one of which is the medium. The use of appropriate media and cheaply be one option, since biomass must be produced in large scale. Therefore, research on variations in the concentration of NPK fertilizer medium against the growth of Leptolyngbya HS-16 compared to Bold Basal Medium (BBM) was carried out. NPK fertilizer medium (nitrogen/N, phosphorus/P and potassium/K) is an inexpensive microalgae growth medium. Leptolyngbya HS-16 or Leptolyngbia with strain code of HS-16 is a Leptolyngbia strain isolated from a habitat in the hot springs of Mount Pancar Crater in Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of NPK medium concentration on the biomass weight of Leptolyngbya HS-16. The medium used in the study was BBM as the control medium, and NPK media with various concentrations of 80 ppm, 160 ppm, and 240 ppm as the treatment medium. In addition, the study aimed to determine the appropriate concentration of NPK medium to produce high biomass weight, supported by high lipid content. The results showed that Leptolyngbya HS-16 grew better in NPK medium with a concentration of 80 ppm compared to other concentrations. This can be seen from the results of the average biomass produced at peak time of 3.008 mg. L -1 and the log length of the Leptolyngbya HS-16. The lipid content was produced in the 80 ppm NPK medium was 45%.