β-Cyclodextrin functionalization of metal-organic framework MOF-235 with excellent chemiluminescence activity for sensitive glucose biosensing

Cyclodextrins Modified/Coated Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…For example, the chemical structures of organic struts for preparing MOFs can be characterized by 1 H NMR [17], some particular functional groups such as azobenzene moieties on precursors of MOFs can be determined by UV spectra [17,24], and phosphate groups can be checked by 31 P NMR [23,27]. The employment of the same characterization methods and instruments in different processions of building advanced materials could always have different purposes, for example, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns are adopted to compare with simulated data from the single X-ray crystal structure of MOFs [17,[23][24][25][26][27], and also very direct proofs for confirming the crystallinity of CDs-modified MOFs [18,20,21]. In this section, we will discuss different characterization methods and instruments according to different purposes during diverse processions of the construction of CDs-modified/coated MOFs including preparing MOFs, studying interactions between CDs and MOFs, as well as confirming the integrated hybrid materials.…”

“…The loading of CDs into the MOFs systems can be determined by elemental analysis [18], spectrofluorimetry by using dyes-labeled CDs derivatives [18,23], Fourier transfer infrared [21,22,[24][25][26] and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) [21,22,24,25,29]. Confocal microscopy is useful for checking the load of dye-labeled CDs on the surface of MOFs [18].…”

“…The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is employed to ascertain the location of loaded CDs within MOFs materials [18]. The crystallinity of CDs-coated MOFs can be further checked by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [18,23,24,26,29] and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) [20][21][22][24][25][26]29]. Sizes of CDs-coated MOFs can be determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) [18,23,27].…”

“…Except for MIL-100(Fe), other MOFs can also coordinate with CDs to afford the hybrid materials. For example, the MOF-235/β-CDs hybrid material is prepared through possible coordination interaction between the hydroxyl groups on β-CDs and the unsaturated Fe III cations in MOF-235 [25]. It is found that the chemiluminescence signal of the hybrid material gradually enhanced as the concentration of β-CDs increased, indicating that the introduction of β-CDs is important for improving the catalytic activity of MOF-235.…”

“…In this review, we briefly introduced the stable and highly porous CDs-modified/coated MOFs (Schemes 1 and 2, Table 1) [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Bridging CDs and MOFs chemistry is very challenging, and researchers with various backgrounds such as supramolecular chemistry, metal ligated materials and polymeric chemistry have done valuable contributions in this arising area.…”