Advanced Nanoscale Build‐Up Sensors for Daily Life Monitoring of Diabetics

Abstract

High‐throughput screening, early diagnosis, prognosis, daily routine, and real‐time monitoring are the main factors in diabetes management. Novel nanodynamic sensory designs can support these processes by offering i) a great diversity of periodic glucose sensing assays, ii) multiple and large‐scale autosampling assessments of glucose levels, and iii) possible glucose analysis by using a small sample size. This work highlights the nano, biosensor design engineering rationales used to explore a wide range of glucose levels and transduce them into readable output signals for dead‐end and fast‐response analyses. Powerful nanoscale chemical sensor designs can be used as alternatives to traditional assessment and analytical methods in the laboratory and integrated into robotics, smartphones, or wearable devices. These innovations would offer the future steady progress required for biotechnological, analytical, and sensing applications with less time consumption and simple operation. A new generation of nano, bioglucose sensor designs featuring platforms with nanometric dimensions, geometries, surface functionality, and physical/chemical properties is also attractive as a candidate for developing diabetic sensing devices. Indeed, the developed fabrication of diabetic nanosensor devices with compact size miniaturization, autosampling analysis and collection, in situ controlling assays, and defined signaling read‐out detection is urgently needed to avoid a risk associated with diabetes.

Flexible Plasmonic Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring: Progress and Prospects

“…The core part of a noninvasive glucose monitoring device is the enzyme based electrochemical sensor, − to detect the turning of d -glucose and O 2 into H 2 O 2 and d -gluconolactone at the presence of glucose oxidase (GOD, Figure a) . Noble metal NPs (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) have been extensively applied in electrochemical glucose sensing due to their features as fast charge transfer, high electrocatalytic activity, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility. − …”

Non-metal sensory electrode design and protocol of DNA-nucleobases in living cells exposed to oxidative stresses

“…These results confirm the high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of NMS-2 on living cells and can be used for in vivo and in vitro studies. Oxidative stresses in living cells cause damages to DNA, leading to cell mutation and aging [6]. The oxidative stresses generate free radicals (i.e., formulation of OH• radicals), which causes DNA oxidation and damage.…”

“…capillary electrophoresis [14], and electrochemical method [1,2,6,7] have been used for screening of biomolecules. These analytical methods show evidence of sensitive determination of DNA nucleobases; however, electrochemical method is preferred for designing commercially effective analytical devices.…”

Smartphone‐Based Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring in Diabetic Patients Utilizing Enhanced Chemiluminescence Imaging Technique

“…Glucose is an essential component for human beings because it makes available energy for cell metabolism and maintains the regular operation of biological function-the excess glucose level in the body leads to diabetes. [1,2] The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that more than 400 million individuals worldwide have diabetes. [3] Diabetes is a disease that cannot control the blood glucose level in people's bodies.…”