Non-metal sensory electrode design and protocol of DNA-nucleobases in living cells exposed to oxidative stresses

Nitrogen-doped carbon hollow trunk-like structure as a portable electrochemical sensor for noradrenaline detection in neuronal cells

“…pH and E/V exhibited a linear relationship with a regression equation of E(V) = 0.63 -0.059 pH, R 2 = 0.995 (Figure S2C). This result indicates the proton participation in the overall NA electrooxidation and followed the mechanism of losing and accepting 2e -/2H + (slope = 59 mV, which equals the theoretical Nernst value) [21,41,55].…”

“…These methods suffer from disadvantages, including the pretreatment of samples, requirement of highly specialized equipment, and long-term need for highly qualified technicians. Most of these disadvantages can be resolved by electrochemical methods involving rapid reactions, easy processing, no sample pretreatment, use of handheld devices, ease of use, and applicability in in vitro and in vivo tests [20][21][22][23]. Point-of-care-based devices have been widely designed for the production of portable biosensors [20,24].…”

Hierarchical engineering of Mn2O3/carbon nanostructured electrodes for sensitive screening of acetylcholine in biological samples

“…1C shows the XRD patterns of Mn 2 O 3 NLs/C (a) and Mn 2 O 3 FL/C (b). The XRD peaks centered at 2y of 28.751, 41.921, and 53.541 corresponded to the 002, 001, and 004 crystal planes of graphite, respectively, indicating the presence of carbon materials in the structure of Mn 2 O 3 and ascertaining the formation of C. [22][23][24]34 The formation of a-Mn 2 O 3 was verified from the XRD diffraction peaks with the dominant 222 crystal plane and orthorhombic crystal system (pbca ( 61)). 51 The XRD peaks were centered at 2y of 23.241, 33.111, 38.391, 45.321, 49.511, 55.341, and 65.951, which correspond to the (211), ( 222), (400), (332), ( 431), (440), and (622) planes, respectively ((JCPDS card 151-4104).…”

“…In this context, the electrochemical technique shows appropriate features such as easy fabrication, simple analysis without further purification, portable design, disposable use, and high economic value for ACh detection. [21][22][23] Therefore, electrochemical techniques offer definitive analytical strategies for quantifying ACh in various resources and receptors with good sensitivity and selectivity.…”

Sensitive electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticles assembled ferrocene-functionalised graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of dopamine and acetaminophen

“…Due to their unique properties, nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in such various fields as biology, physics, chemistry, and sensing [19][20][21]. Noble metal NPs are being extensively used owing to their small size-to-volume ratio and extensive thermal stability [22].…”